What Is Turning Machine

What does a turning machine do?

Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material. The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool.

What are the two types of turning machines?

Turning Center Configurations (Horizontal or Vertical) There are two types of CNC turning centers: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal turning centers are the most common. Vertical turning centers are typically called a vertical turret lathe or VTL.

What are the types of turning?

1. Turning Step Turning. Step turning creates two surfaces with an abrupt change in diameters between them. Taper Turning. Taper turning produces a ramp transition between the two surfaces with different diameters due to the angled motion between the workpiece and a cutting tool. Chamfer Turning. Contour Turning. Tapping.

What is CNC turning machine?

CNC Turning is a manufacturing process in which bars of material are held in a chuck and rotated while a tool is fed to the piece to remove material to create the desired shape. CNC lathes or turning centers have tooling mounted on a turret which is computer-controlled.

What are the advantages of turning?

Advantages of turning are: Good surface finish. It requires less energy and strength than other processes. Collecting chips is easier.Turning also has disadvantages . Most defects are inaccuracies in a feature`s dimensions or surface roughness. Limited to rotational parts. Significant tool wear.

What is turning mechanical?

Turning is a machining process used to make cylindrical parts, where the cutting tool moves in a linear fashion while the workpiece rotates. Commonly performed with a lathe, turning reduces the diameter of a workpiece, typically to a specified dimension, and produces a smooth part finish.

What is the difference between turning and facing?

In the turning operation, the tool generally reduces the diameter of the cylindrical workpiece, which can be done by cutting into the part for some depth and move the tool parallel to the axis of the part. While facing operation reduces the length of the piece, the tool is moved perpendicular to the axis of the part.

What is straight turning?

[′strāt ′tərn·iŋ] (mechanical engineering) Work turned in a lathe so that the diameter is constant over the length of the workpiece.

What is Profile turning?

In profile turning, the cut can vary with regard to cutting depth, feed and speed. Tools used for profile turning are subjected to large variations in stress and depth of cut due to the varying machining directions and diameter changes. One of the most important properties of a profiling tool is accessibility.

What is step turning in lathe machine?

Step turning is an operation similar to creating a stair case on a work piece. Here excess materials from the workpiece is removed non uniformly i.e. in various steps with different dimensions.

What is lathe process?

A lathe is a tool that rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about an axis of rotation.

What are the 7 basic types of machine tools?

They retain the basic characteristics of their 19th- and early 20th-century ancestors and are still classed as one of the following: (1) turning machines (lathes and boring mills), (2) shapers and planers, (3) drilling machines, (4) milling machines, (5) grinding machines, (6) power saws, and (7) presses.

What is M and G code?

M code is the machine control language that controls the overall program, often called G code. While G commands describe positions, M code directs the machine’s actions. While M represents miscellaneous codes, some refer to it as machine code because it controls particular operations of the equipment.

What is meant by canned cycle?

A canned cycle is a combination of machine movements that perform machining operation like drilling, milling, boring and tapping. This cycle simplifies the program by using a single block with a G-code to specify the machining operations usually specified in several blocks. This cycle is also called as fixed cycle.

What are the disadvantages of turning?

Disadvantages of the turning process: Limited to rotational parts. Part may require several operations and machines. High equipment cost. Significant tool wear. A large amount of scrap.

Why is turning done?

Turning is the removal of metal from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. Turning is used to reduce the diameter of the workpiece, usually to a specified dimension, and to produce a smooth finish on the metal. Often the workpiece will be turned so that adjacent sections have different diameters.

How accurate is turning?

Turning is generally carried out on a lathe to machine the inner and outer cylindrical faces, end faces, conical faces, forming faces and threads of the workpiece. The turning precision is generally IT8~IT7, and the surface roughness is 1.6~0.8μm.

What is turning and its types?

The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to be the oldest of machine tools, and can be of different types such as straight turning, taper turning, profiling or external grooving. In general, turning uses simple single-point cutting tools.

What are the difference between milling and turning machine?

Turning rotates the workpiece against a cutting tool. It uses primarily round bar stock for machining components. Milling spins the cutting tool against a stationary workpiece. It uses primarily square or rectangular bar stock to produce components.

How can turning be done on a lathe?

Procedure: Select a tool bit to the desired size and shape of the groove required. Lay out the location of the groove. Set the lathe to half the speed for turning. Mount the workpiece in the lathe. Set the tool bit to center height. Slowly feed the tool bit into the workpiece using the cross feed handle.

What is facing in lathe machine?

Facing is a common machining process that involves the use of a lathe or milling machine to remove material from the end and/or shoulder of a workpiece. By definition, facing simply involves the removal of material from the end and/or shoulder of a workpiece, but there are different types of facing operations.

What is the difference between rough turning and finish turning?

A roughing operation is used to remove large amounts of material rapidly and to produce a part geometry close to the desired shape. A finishing operation follows roughing and is used to achieve the final geometry and surface finish.