Table of Contents
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank serves as a clarifier. As heavy particles settle to the bottom, the liquid flows radially upward in the clarifier zone,.
What is clarification in water treatment?
Clarification is an essential step in a water or wastewater treatment process to remove suspended solids through gravity settling, providing a clarified liquid effluent.
What is the role of clarifier and chlorination in water treatment plant?
A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and (or) thickening by gravitational settling. These are classified into primary and secondary. The main purpose of a clarifier system is to produce a cleaner effluents and to remove solids.
What are the 5 stages of water treatment?
These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution.
How do you create a Clariflocculator?
Design criteria of flocculator
- Depth of tank = 3 to 4.5 m.
- Detention period = 15 to 30 min.
- Velocity of flow = 0.2 to 0.8 m/s (normally 0.4m/s)
- Total area of paddle = 10 – 25% of cross-sectional area of tank.
- If the peripheral velocity of blade should be 0.2 to 0.6 m/s.
What is class 7 clarified?
Wastewater is passed through bar screens which remove large objects like rags, sticks, cans, plastic packets, napkins etc. Water then goes through Grit and Sand removal tank, where sand, grit and pebbles settle down. Water so cleared is called clarified water.
What is the minimum detention time of water in Clariflocculator?
Explanation: While designing a clariflocculator, the time assumed for the flocculation zone is 40 mins. This usually ranges from 10-40 mins. For a better and efficient process generally, the time is chosen as 40 mins.
What is the first step in clarification?
What is the first step in clarification? Explanation: Finely divided particles suspended in surface water repel each other because most of the surfaces are negatively charged. Coagulation is the first step to neutralize the charged particles and form flocs.
Why is coagulation and flocculation important?
Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc.
What is the purpose of coagulation?
Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap (or bridge) particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter.
What is the 1st step in primary treatment of plants?
Wastewater Primary Treatment is the first step in the water treatment process meant for removing suspended solids (TSS), oil and grease, colour, and odour. The key components in this step are screens, grit chamber, flow equalization tank, and clarifier.
What is the third step in water treatment?
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- The Second Step is Rapid Mixing.
- The Third Step is Flocculation.
- The Forth Step is Sedimentation.
- The Fifth Step is Filtration.
What is difference between flocculation and coagulation?
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
What are the 4 types of sedimentation process?
Fitch (1958) described four characteristic types of sedimentation:
- (i) Class-I clarification or discrete settling.
- (ii) Class-II clarification or flocculant settling.
- (iii) Zone settling.
- (iv) Compression settling.
What are the advantages of sedimentation?
Advantages of Sedimentation Tank:
- It is low cost and simple water pre-treatment technology.
- It has low operating costs and handles a wide range of flows.
- To settle out suspended solids, the coagulants reduce the time required.
- It has high clarification efficiency and easy sludge removal properties.
How does sedimentation work in water treatment?
Sedimentation is the process of allowing particles in suspension in water to settle out of the suspension under the effect of gravity. The particles that settle out from the suspension become sediment, and in water treatment is known as sludge.
What two chemicals are commonly used as water coagulants?
Aluminum sulfate (alum) is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
What is the difference between primary and secondary clarifiers?
The primary clarifier is designed to dispose of inorganic solids floating at the surface. It also tackles solids settling at the bottom. In the secondary clarifier, 100 percent or nearly 100 percent of the sludge, is organic. In this clarifier, the sludge is compact-ready and significantly denser.
What are the water treatment methods?
Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation are processes used to remove colour, turbidity, algae and other microorganisms from surface waters. Aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate are two of the most commonly used coagulants , although others are available.
What is the first step in primary wastewater treatment?
Treatment Steps
- Step 1: Screening and Pumping. The incoming wastewater passes through screening equipment where objects such as rags, wood fragments, plastics, and grease are removed.
- Step 2: Grit Removal.
- Step 3: Primary Settling.
- Step 4: Aeration / Activated Sludge.
- Step 5: Secondary Settling.
- Step 8: Oxygen Uptake.
- Sludge Treatment.
How do you size a clarifier?
In general, clarifiers are sized by the flow rate verses the separation chambers “effective” surface area (or, as it is more commonly called. the “projected” surface area). Therefore, the effectiveness of any clarifier is affected by the flow rate. The slower the flow, the better the results.
How does a Clariflocculator work?
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. In the Clariflocculator, the water enters the flocculator, where the flocculating paddles enhance flocculation of the feed solids. As heavy particles settle to the bottom, the liquid flows radially upward in the clarifier zone,.
How many steps does it take to purify water?
Seven Steps of Water Purification.
What is the first step in primary treatment?
Primary treatment in sewage treatment involves physical removal of particles (large and small) from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. Initially floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) are removed by sedimentation.
What is the process of drinking water treatment?
Community Water Treatment
- Coagulation and Flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are often the first steps in water treatment.
- Sedimentation. During sedimentation, floc settles to the bottom of the water supply, due to its weight.
- Filtration.
- Disinfection.
