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A Two-Step Process Flocculation is a two-step particle aggregation process in which a large number of small particles form a small number large flocs.
What is the flocculation process?
Flocculation is a process by which a chemical coagulant added to the water acts to facilitate bonding between particles, creating larger aggregates which are easier to separate. The method is widely used in water treatment plants and can also be applied to sample processing for monitoring applications.
What is flocculation Mcq?
Flocculation is basically slow mixing or agitation process in which destabilized colloidal particles are brought into intimate contact in order to promote agglomeration. The ratio of flocculation depends on. Turbidity.
What is flocculation process in water treatment?
Flocculation is a water treatment process where solids form larger clusters, or flocs, to be removed from water. This process can happen spontaneously, or with the help of chemical agents. It is a common method of stormwater treatment, wastewater treatment, and in the purification of drinking water.
What’s the definition of flocculent?
1 : resembling wool especially in loose fluffy organization. 2 : containing, consisting of, or occurring in the form of loosely aggregated particles or soft flakes a flocculent precipitate.
Is alum a coagulant or flocculant?
To accomplish this, the water is treated with aluminum sulfate, commonly called alum, which serves as a flocculant. Raw water often holds tiny suspended particles that are very difficult for a filter to catch. Alum causes them to clump together so that they can settle out of the water or be easily trapped by a filter.
What is flocculant for?
Used in a wide range of industries and applications, flocculants help to remove suspended solids from wastewater by aggregating contaminants into flakes or “flocs” that float to the surface of the water or settle at the bottom. They can also be used for lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dehydration.
What two chemicals are commonly used as water coagulants?
Aluminum sulfate (alum) is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
Which gas is released when alum is added to water?
Explanation: Carbon dioxide gas is released when alum is added to water, which is corrosive to metals.
What is the other name for flocculation Mcq?
What is the other name for deflocculation? Explanation: Deflocculation is the exact opposite of flocculation, also sometimes known as peptisation. Usually in higher pH ranges in addition to low ionic strength of solutions and domination of monovalent metal cations the colloidal particles can be dispersed. 3.
What is flocculant made of?
The aluminum-based flocculants include aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, sodium aluminate, aluminum chlorohydrate, and polyaluminum chloride. The iron-based flocculants include ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and ferric chloride sulfate [15, 69].
How do you calculate flocculation value?
Complete step by step solution: “The minimum concentration of an electrolyte that is required to cause the coagulation or flocculation of a sol is known as flocculation value.” It is expressed in terms of millimoles per litre. 2 mL of 1 M NaCl contains 2 / 1000 mol = 2 millimole.
What is flocculation test?
A Flocculation Test Procedure is used to determine how much Flocculants need be added to solids in suspension (slurry or pulp) to cause the individual particles to collect in the form of flocs. Flocculation, i.e. aggregation through the use of long-chain organic polymers that bridge between adjoining particles.
What does flocculant do to pools?
Pool flocculant is a chemical that when added to water clumps together particles sending them to the bottom of the pool where they can then be vacuumed. It works by clumping together particles suspended in the pool water, which are too small to be caught in the filter.
What is the feathery?
: resembling, suggesting, or covered with feathers especially : extremely light.
What does Thewy mean?
1. Muscular power or strength. 2. A well-developed sinew or muscle: “sinews of steel, thews of iron, abdomen like one of those old-time washing boards” (Michael Kelly). [Middle English, individual habit, virtue, strength (sense influenced by sinew), from Old English thēaw, a custom, habit.].
What are the side effects of alum?
If experienced, these tend to have a Severe expression i fluid accumulation around the eye. throat swelling. a feeling of throat tightness. a skin ulcer. hives. a shallow ulcer on the skin. fainting. puffy face from water retention.
What is the pH of alum?
Alum is most commonly delivered as a liquid concentration, having a solids level of 8.3% as Al2O3 or about 50% as hydrate. Alum solutions are acidic. For instance, a 1% solution has a pH of around 3. Ionic species present in alum solutions are highly dependent on the degree of reaction with hydroxyl ions.
Is alum positive or negative?
For example, the colloidal particles are negatively charged and alum is added as a coagulant to create positively charged ions. Once the repulsive charges have been neutralized (since opposite charges attract), van der Waals force will cause the particles to cling together (agglomerate) and form micro floc.
What is an example of a flocculant?
Flocculation and coagulation treatment chemicals are used in effluent wastewater water treatment processes for solids removal, water clarification, lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dewatering. Examples of ChemTreat coagulation products include aluminum salts, iron salts, and polyelectrolytes.
Can you use too much flocculant?
Flocculant is aluminum sulfate, which is designed to clump with the particles you’re trying to remove. But if you add too much, the flocculant will start to agglomerate with itself instead of those particles. These flocculant clumps will not drop to the pool floor and can clog up your filter.
How do I make my pool water crystal clear?
Chlorine serves a vital purpose in keeping swimming pool water clean and healthy. In theory, if you have a cloudy swimming pool, you can add chlorine to “shock it” and clear things up. Chlorine will get the job done.
Which are two chemicals used to purify water?
Both chlorine and chloramines work to kill bacteria and other harmful substances that may be found in drinking water sources.
What is the most used coagulant?
Chemical Coagulants Used In Water Treatment Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) – One of the most commonly used water treatment chemicals in the world. Aluminum Chloride – A second choice to Alum as it is more expensive, hazardous and corrosive. Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) & Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH).
Why is alum added to the water?
In a typical water treatment process: Alum is used to coagulate suspended particles, algae, protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and some metal ions (such as iron and manganese) into larger particles. Chlorine is added to kill bacteria that may have entered the water during the filtration process.
