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What do you mean by flocculated suspension?
Flocculation refers to the formation of a loose aggregation of discrete particles held together in a network like structure by physical adsorption of macromolecules when the longer-range van der Walls forces of attraction exceed the shorter-range forces of repulsion. Such a suspension is called flocculated suspension.
Which suspension is good Flocculated or Deflocculated?
INTRODUCTION Flocculated suspension Deflocculated suspension Sediment is loosely packed and does not form a hard cake. Sediment is tightly packed and forms a hard cake. The supernatant is clear. The supernatant is hazy. Floccules stick to the sides of the bottle. Particles do not stick to the sides of the bottle.
Why are suspending agents used?
Suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the container. One of the properties of a well-formulated suspension is that it can be easily re-suspended by the use of moderate agitation or shaking.
Is Redisperse difficult?
In a deflocculated system the dispersed particles remain as discrete units. Because the rate of sedimentation depends on the size of each unit, settling will be slow. The slow rate of settling prevents the entrapment of liquid within the sediment, which thus becomes compacted and can be very difficult to redisperse.
What are the advantages of suspension?
The following advantages can be obtained by formulating API as a suspension dosage form. Suspensions are a useful drug delivery system for therapeutic agents that have a low solubility. Pharmaceutical suspensions may be formulated to mask the unpleasant/ bitter taste of drug.
What is suspension in pharmacy?
Definition. ➢ A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase (therapeutically active ingredient)is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase.
What is the difference between suspension and emulsion?
Mixtures can be of many types like a solution, suspension and colloids. A mixture can be classified into two types, homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture.Difference between Suspension and Emulsion. Suspension Emulsion Solid particles are dispersed in any medium, that can be solid, gas or liquid Both dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquid.
What are the types of suspension in pharmacy?
Based on the route of administration, suspensions can be classified as oral, topical, ophthalmic, otic, or nasal suspensions. Each of these present unique challenges and requirements in terms of desired quality attributes.
Why is sodium citrate used?
Sodium citrate/citric acid is used to make urine less acidic and therefore prevent formation of kidney stones. Sodium citrate/citric acid also is useful as a buffer and neutralizing agent for gastric acid.
How can you prevent suspension from sedimentation?
Slow down sedimentation by increasing viscosity of continuous phase. Velocity increases with the square of particle size making this the most critical parameter. For concentrated systems a crowding factor must be introduced which incorporates the phase volume Φ.
What is difference between Flocculated and Deflocculated?
The key difference between flocculation and deflocculation is that flocculation is the formation of flocs by the clumping of fine particles, whereas deflocculation is the dispersion of flocs to form a stable colloid. Flocculation refers to the formation of clumps from fine particles in a colloid.
Is bentonite a suspending agent?
Bentonite is an absorbent natural smectite clay. It has a colloidal structure in water. Bentonite is used as a suspending and rheological agent.
What are the suspending agents?
A suspending agent is a liquid in which a solid substance can be held in suspension. The drug is held in the suspension by a suspending agent, and does not settle at the bottom. A suspending agent is a liquid in which a solid substance can be held in suspension.
What are 5 examples of suspension?
Common examples of suspensions include: Mud or muddy water: where soil, clay, or silt particles are suspended in water. Flour suspended in water. Kimchi suspended on vinegar. Chalk suspended in water. Sand suspended in water.
How do you make flocculated suspension?
Electrolyte and ionic surfactant can be used as flocculating agents to produce a flocculated suspension. suspension prepared without flocculating agent is a deflocculated one. The physical stability of the suspension is assist by determining the sedimentation volume or degree of flocculation.
What is meant by flocculation?
Flocculation is a process by which a chemical coagulant added to the water acts to facilitate bonding between particles, creating larger aggregates which are easier to separate. The method is widely used in water treatment plants and can also be applied to sample processing for monitoring applications.
What is a suspension example?
Ans: Common examples of suspension include the mixture of chalk and water, muddy water, the mixture of flour and water, a mixture of dust particles and air, fog, milk of magnesia, etc. In it, particles of the solute do not dissolve in the solution and are rather suspended.
What does sodium citrate react with?
Upon absorption, sodium citrate dissociates into sodium cations and citrate anions; organic citrate ions are metabolized to bicarbonate ions, resulting in an increase in the plasma bicarbonate concentration, the buffering of excess hydrogen ion, the raising of blood pH, and potentially the reversal of acidosis.
What is suspension stability?
Suspension stability can be theoretically estimated prior to the beginning of the formulating process based on the solid phase particle size, liquid phase density, and viscosity. In order to prevent formation of the solid sediment, controlled flocculation of the suspended bismuth subnitrate particles is recommended.
What are the different types of suspension?
8 Types of Car Suspensions Multi-Link Suspension. Rigid Axle Suspension. Macpherson Suspension. Double Wishbone Suspension. Independent Suspension. Rigid suspension – Leaf Spring. Trailing Arm Suspension. Air Suspension.
What are the qualities of ideal suspension?
Desirable properties of suspensions are that they should have good organoleptic properties, suspensions should possess good pourability leading to ease of removal of dose from container, the particle size distribution should be uniform, there should be ease of re dispersion of settled solid particles, they should be Dec 8, 2015
Is sodium citrate Safe for Babies?
It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking citric acid and sodium citrate, Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether citric acid and sodium citrate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby.
What is the function of sodium citrate in suspension?
This medication is used to make the urine less acidic. Urine that is less acidic helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid, helping to prevent gout and certain types of kidney stones (urate). This medication can also prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease.
