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Medical Definition of Refractory Refractory: Not yielding, or not yielding readily, to treatment.
What does refractory mean?
1 : resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable. 2a : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory lesion. b : unresponsive to stimulus. c : immune, insusceptible after recovery they were refractory to infection. 3 : difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out especially : capable of enduring high temperature.
What does the word refractory mean in medical terms?
Listen to pronunciation. (reh-FRAK-tor-ee) In medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment.
What are the two types of refractory periods?
There are two types of refractory periods; the absolute refractory period, which corresponds to depolarization and repolarization, and the relative refractory period, which corresponds to hyperpolarization.
What does refractory mean cancer?
(reh-FRAK-tor-ee KAN-ser) Cancer that does not respond to treatment. The cancer may be resistant at the beginning of treatment or it may become resistant during treatment. Also called resistant cancer.
What happens during the absolute refractory period?
The absolute refractory period is a period where it is completely impossible for another action potential to be activated, regardless of the size of the trigger (stimulus). This is because the sodium channels are inactivated and remain that way until hyperpolarisation occurs.
How long can you live with lymphoma?
The overall 5-year relative survival rate for people with NHL is 72%. But it’s important to keep in mind that survival rates can vary widely for different types and stages of lymphoma.5-year relative survival rates for NHL.
| SEER Stage | 5-Year Relative Survival Rate |
|---|---|
| Regional | 90% |
| Distant | 85% |
| All SEER stages combined | 89% |
Which is not a refractory metal?
The artificial elements, being radioactive, are never considered to be part of the refractory metals, although technetium has a melting point of 2430 K or 2157 °C and rutherfordium is predicted to have melting point of 2400 K or 2100 °C.
Where does the word refractory come from?
The word refractory comes from a Latin word meaning “obstinate” and can also be used to mean “not responsive to something.” If you have a cold you can’t shake, you could say you have a refractory cough. The word can also be used to describe a material that maintains its strength at very high heats.
What is primary refractory disease?
Definition. Disease status just prior to the start of the preparative regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Primary refractory refers to never achieving a complete remission (CR) from any therapy and also not being in partial remission (PR) at the time of the last evaluation prior to HSCT.
Can refractory lymphoma be cured?
The prognosis for these patients is poor, especially for those who have high-risk factors such as secondary IPI score >2 or relapse ≤12 months post-ASCT. Thus, most patients with refractory DLBCL have no curative treatment options.
What is true of refractory a good refractory should have?
In addition to temperature and corrosion resistance, refractories must possess superior physical wear or abrasion resistance, and they also must be resistant to thermal shock.
What does refractory pain mean?
Intractable pain or refractory pain occurs when pain cannot be adequately controlled despite aggressive measures.
What is refractory period in biology?
In physiology, a refractory period is a period of time during which an organ or cell is incapable of repeating a particular action, or (more precisely) the amount of time it takes for an excitable membrane to be ready for a second stimulus once it returns to its resting state following an excitation.
What is ERP heart?
In electrocardiography, during a cardiac cycle, once an action potential is initiated, there is a period of time that a new action potential cannot be initiated. This is termed the effective refractory period (ERP) of the tissue.
What is meant by refractory material?
Refractories are materials that are resistant to high temperature, used predominantly as furnace linings for elevated temperature materials processing and other applications in which thermomechanical properties are critical.
What are refractory gastrointestinal symptoms?
The symptoms of refractory disease are not unlike those of untreated celiac disease except that they are usually more severe and more disabling. The more common symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain, malnutrition and anemia.
What are the options to manage intractable symptoms at end of life?
Abstract. Palliative sedation at the end of life is a necessary option for patients who have intractable symptoms and are suffering when other palliative interventions have been ineffective.
What is refractory heart failure?
Refractory CHF is defined as symptoms of CHF at rest or repeated exacerbations of CHF despite “optimal” triple-drug therapy. Most patients with refractory CHF require hemodynamic monitoring and treatment in the intensive care unit.
How long is a refractory period?
The length of the refractory period varies greatly from person to person, from a few minutes to 24 hours, or longer.
What are the types of refractories?
Depending on temperatures and service conditions of the applications such as boilers, furnaces, kilns, ovens etc, different types of refractories are used.
- Fireclay refractories.
- Silica brick.
- High alumina refractories.
- Magnesite refractories.
- Chromite refractories.
- Zirconia refractories.
What is the life expectancy of someone with multiple myeloma?
The SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data for multiple myeloma has been published in 2013 by the National Cancer Institute, and the average life expectancy remains at 4 years for the third year in a row. However, some people beat the odds and live 10 to 20 years or more.
What are refractory cases?
The word “refractory” in general use means stubborn or intractable, and in medicine it is specifically applied to disease that does not respond to treatment. Refractory cancer refers to cancer that may be resistant at the beginning of treatment, or becomes resistant during treatment.
What is the purpose of refractory?
Refractory parts are generally found in the combustion and post combustion chambers/zones of a biomass or biogas boiler. The main purpose of refractory material is to contain the heat generated by combustion, the material has a high melting point that maintains it’s structure at very high temperatures.
What is a refractory symptom?
A refractory symptom is one that cannot be adequately controlled despite aggressive efforts to identify a tolerable therapy that does not compromise consciousness (Cherny 1994). A refractory symptom may be subjective and, at times, nonspecific.
What is a refractory liner?
One particular refractory product to consider is the refractory lining, which is a protective layer inside the kiln or furnace that acts as a form of insulation to withstand high temperatures. It can also protect the structure from thermal shocks, abrasion and chemical attack.
Can people be refractory?
Refractory people are difficult to deal with or control, usually because they are unwilling to obey orders.
