Table of Contents
The main causes of hyperhydricity in plant tissue culture are those factors triggering oxidative stresses such as high salt concentration, high relative humidity, low light intensity, gas accumulation in the atmosphere of the jar, length of time intervals between subcultures; number of subcultures, concentration and
How do you reduce vitrification?
Various measures were found to reduce vitrification: increased carbohydrate levels in the medium, changed light intensity, modified concentration of agar, reduced humidity within the culture container. Vitrification is a complex phenomen depending on several chemical and physical factors acting together.
What is vitrification in tissue culture?
Vitrification is a physiological disturbance affecting tissue culture-based propagation of several plant species. Vitrified plants have a glassy appearance, their stems and leaves are enlarged, thick, translucent and brittle.
What is the process of cryopreservation?
Cryopreservation is a process of preserving or storing cells, tissues, organs or any other biological materials from any potential damage by maintaining the materials at very low temperature (typically -80 °C using solid CO2 or −196 °C using liquid Nitrogen.
What is totipotency of cell?
Totipotency is defined in Wikipedia as the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes.
Where is vitrification used?
Vitrification is used in disposal and long-term storage of nuclear waste or other hazardous wastes in a method called geomelting. Waste is mixed with glass-forming chemicals in a furnace to form molten glass that then solidifies in canisters, thereby immobilizing the waste.
What is Cytodifferentiation in plants?
Cytodifferentiation of tracheary elements is a striking case of irreversible specialization of cells (such cells cannot be dedifferentiated or redifferentiated), which is accompanied by the loss of nuclei and cell contents at maturity, leaving hollow dead cells that form vessels or tracheids (Fig. 5.1).
What is the advantage of micropropagation?
Application/Advantages of Micropropagation Micropropagation facilitates the growth, storage, and maintenance of a large number of plants in small spaces which makes it a cost-effective process. Micropropagation is used for germplasm storage and the protection of endangered species.
What is the difference between vitrification and cryopreservation?
Cryopreservation is a technique that utilises a special medium to allow preservation in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C. Vitrification is a modern technique that rapidly freezes reproductive cells to a temperature of -196°C, literally within seconds.
How stem cells and callus are different from each other?
Callus is similar to plant stem cell in its ability to differentiate, but the two are different in their origin. While plant stem cell exists in the meristematic tissues of plant, callus is obtained as a temporary response to cure wounds in somatic cell. Unlike true stem cells, callus is heterogeneous.
What is totipotency PPT?
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism. In other words, totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce the entire plant.
What is meant by vitrification?
Vitrification is the rapid cooling of liquid medium in the absence of ice crystal formation. The solution forms an amorphous glass as a result of rapid cooling by direct immersion of the embryos in a polyethelene (PE) straw into liquid nitrogen.
What happens during vitrification?
The word “vitrification” comes from the Latin term for glass, vitrum. In the context of freezing eggs and embryos, vitrification is the process of freezing so rapidly that that the water molecules don’t have time to form ice crystals, and instead instantaneously solidify into a glass-like structure.
What are the negative effects of stem cell therapy?
Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Side Effects Mouth and throat pain. Nausea and vomiting. Infection. Bleeding and transfusions. Interstitial pneumonitis and other lung problems. Graft-versus-host disease. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) Graft failure.
What are disadvantages of stem cells?
The main disadvantage of stem cell research has to do with the way that they’re acquired-that is, it involves the destruction of human embryos. This makes it immoral for those who believe that life begins at contraception. Last but not least, transplanted stem cells can have high rejection rates.
What is meant by Cytodifferentiation?
: the development of specialized cells (such as muscle, blood, or nerve cells) from undifferentiated precursors.
What is cryopreservation give its uses?
Cryopreservation is a process that preserves organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological constructs by cooling the samples to very low temperatures. The responses of living cells to ice formation are of theoretical interest and practical relevance.
Why is vitrification important?
Vitrification as a cryopreservation method has many primary advantages and benefits, such as no ice crystal formation through increased speed of temperature conduction, which provides a significant increase in cooling rates.
What is embryogenesis and organogenesis?
The organogenesis process is where the plant organs, either shoots or roots, are developed. Embryogenesis is the process of forming and developing embryos (Bhatia and Bera, 2015). Plant embryos are the area of the seed where the plant’s roots, stem and leaves start their earliest formation.
What is vitrification in cryopreservation?
Vitrification is a method in which not only cells but also the whole solution is solidified without the crystallization of ice. Vitrification is an ultra-rapid method of cryopreservation whereby the embryo is transitioned from 37 to −196 °C in <1 s, resulting in extremely fast rates of cooling.
What are the stages of micropropagation?
The process of micropropagation can be divided into four stages: Initiation stage. A piece of plant tissue (called an explant) is (a) cut from the plant, (b) disinfested (removal of surface contaminants), and (c) placed on a medium. Multiplication stage. Rooting or preplant stage. Acclimatization.
What is somatic embryogenesis in plant tissue culture?
Somatic embryogenesis is an artificial process in which a plant or embryo is derived from a single somatic cell. Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e. ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo.
