Table of Contents
Surface water and groundwater. Surface water and groundwater are both important sources for community water supply needs. Groundwater is a common source for single homes and small towns, and rivers and lakes are the usual sources for large cities.
What are the different methods of water supply?
The two common storage methods are ground-level storage and elevated storage. Piping/ distribution system: At the end of the system, water is distributed via pipes to the consumer, who has to pay for the used amount (see also water pricing).
What are the 3 methods of water distribution?
1.3. Methods of Water Distribution System 1.3.1. Gravity System. When the distribution reservoir is located at a higher elevation than the target community; then water can be supplied with the gravity flow. 1.3. Pumping System. In this system, water is supplied to the consumers with the help of pumps. 1.3. Dual System.
What are the 5 stages of water treatment?
These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution. Let’s examine these steps in more detail.
What is the surface of the water called?
Surface water is any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and creeks. Water that seeps deep into the ground is called groundwater. Surface water and groundwater are reservoirs that can feed into each other.
What are the components of water supply system?
Fundamentally, a water supply system may be described as consisting of three basic components: the source of supply, the processing or treatment of the water, and the distribution of water to the users.
What are the requirements of good water distribution system?
Requirements of Good Distribution System Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes. It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended places with sufficient pressure head. It should be capable of supplying the requisite amount of water during fire fighting.
How do you distribute water?
In urban and suburban areas, water is distributed from the source through large underground pipes, called water mains, under the streets. A map of the water mains in your town would look something like the pattern of branches on a tree or the pattern of tributaries in a river system.
What is mains water supply?
Water supplied by the public water supply system is sometimes referred to as mains water. Pipework that delivers the public water supply is sometimes referred to as a water main. Access to safe water is essential for good health.
What materials Cannot be removed from wastewater?
When wastewater arrives at the treatment plant, it contains many solids that cannot be removed by the wastewater treatment process. This can include rags, paper, wood, food particles, egg shells, plastic, and even toys and money.
What is the first step of raw water treatment?
Coagulation and flocculation are often the first steps in water treatment. Chemicals with a positive charge are added to the water. The positive charge of these chemicals neutralizes the negative charge of dirt and other dissolved particles in the water.
How is water purified step by step?
The Seven Steps Of The Water Purification Process ION Exchange and Coagulation. This is the first step of the purification process. Sedimentation. Filtration and Granular Activated Carbon. Disinfection. Carbon Filters. Reverse Osmosis. Store Purified Water.
What are the two major types of water?
The four major categories of water include surface water, groundwater, wastewater, and stormwater.
What is the movement of the surface of water?
Movement of Water. Surface movement includes rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, ponds, and human-made “flood” control. All surface water is trying to reach sea level due to gravity. As water flows in channels, the streambed and banks of the channel will resist the flow of water.
What is the cleanest water?
The following countries are said to have the cleanest drinking water in the world: DENMARK. Denmark has better tap water than bottled water. ICELAND. Iceland has stringent quality control, ensuring that they have a consistently high quality of water. GREENLAND. FINLAND. COLOMBIA. SINGAPORE. NEW ZEALAND. SWEDEN.
What is the importance of water supply?
Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction.
How does water supply system work?
How does a water system work? In municipal water systems, water is drawn from a freshwater source, usually a lake, river, or stream and treated before it is pumped to our homes and businesses. After treatment, the system works by transferring ever-increasing quantities of water into increasingly smaller pipe networks.
What are the objectives of water supply system?
The main objectives of any public water supply system are as follows: (1) To supply safe and wholesome water to the consumers. (2) To supply water in adequate quantity. (3) To make water available within easy reach of the consumers so as to encourage the general cleanliness.
What are the types of reservoir?
Types of Reservoirs Impoundment Reservoir. An impoundment reservoir is formed when a dam is constructed across a river. Off-Stream Reservoirs. Diverting the River. Preparing the Foundation of the Dam. Building the Dam. Filling the Reservoir. Testing Valves and Floodgates. Monitoring the Dam.
How many types of distribution systems are there?
There are three basic types of distribution system designs: Radial, Loop, or Network. As you might expect, you can use combinations of these three systems, and this is frequently done.
What is the minimum pressure for water supply piping?
The residential water pressure is usually between 45 and 80 psi. The minimum pressure required by most codes is 20 psi, and anything below that is considered too low. The pressures are too high.
What is the difference between water quality and water supply?
Water quality is measured according to many characteristics, including pH, color, taste, dissolved metals and salts, organics, radon, heavy metals and drug content. Water supply considers how accessible that water is to humans, and involves the use of pumps, pipes, taps or wells.
How do you make a water supply system?
Designing a water supply system involves getting all of these elements right so that clean water is delivered to the user at the appropriate rate and temperature. Water pressure. Water flow rate. Flow rate and pipe size Acceptable Solutions. System layout. Backflow. Mains connection. Pipe materials and specifications.
