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Coagulation of the filaments involves two-way mass transfer with the coagulating agent (e.g. acid) diffusing inwards into the filaments and the chemical products of coagulation (e.g. salts, H2S) diffusing outwards. It is sometimes necessary to use an intermediate process to produce a solution.
What are coagulating agents?
Coagulation of the filaments involves two-way mass transfer with the coagulating agent (e.g. acid) diffusing inwards into the filaments and the chemical products of coagulation (e.g. salts, H2S) diffusing outwards. It is sometimes necessary to use an intermediate process to produce a solution.
What are the types of coagulants?
The aluminum coagulants include aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate. The iron coagulants include ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric chloride sulfate. Other chemicals used as coagulants include hydrated lime and magnesium carbonate.
Which of the following is not a coagulating agent?
aluminum sulphate. chlorinated Copperas.
What is the final step in coagulation?
The fibrin threads form a mesh that traps platelets, blood cells, and plasma. Within minutes, the fibrin meshwork begins to contract, squeezing out its fluid contents. This process, called clot retraction, is the final step in coagulation.
Which is the most effective coagulating agent for Sb2S3?
Among the electrolytes Na2SO4, CaCl2, Al2(SO4)3 and NH4Cl, the most effective coagulating agent for Sb2S3 sol is?
- Na2SO4.
- Al2(SO4)
- CaCl2.
- NH4Cl.
What are the 12 clotting factors?
The following are coagulation factors and their common names:
- Factor I – fibrinogen.
- Factor II – prothrombin.
- Factor III – tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor)
- Factor IV – ionized calcium ( Ca++ )
- Factor V – labile factor or proaccelerin.
- Factor VI – unassigned.
- Factor VII – stable factor or proconvertin.
What are the side effects of alum?
Side effects of Alum The excessive amount of alum intake may cause breathing difficulty, facial puffiness, pricking sensation & small ulcers on the skin, chest/throat tightness, and burns rarely seen in some cases.
Is coagulation good or bad?
Blood clotting is a natural process; without it, you would be at risk of bleeding to death from a simple cut. Blood clots inside the cardiovascular system are not always so welcome. A clot in the coronary arteries near the heart can cause a heart attack; one in the brain or the arteries serving it, a stroke.
What are the three steps of coagulation?
There are three steps to the process: vascular spasm, the formation of a platelet plug, and coagulation (blood clotting). Failure of any of these steps will result in hemorrhage—excessive bleeding.
Is alum a coagulant or flocculant?
To accomplish this, the water is treated with aluminum sulfate, commonly called alum, which serves as a flocculant. Raw water often holds tiny suspended particles that are very difficult for a filter to catch. Alum causes them to clump together so that they can settle out of the water or be easily trapped by a filter.
Which electrolyte will act as the most effective coagulating agent for antimony sulphide Sol?
Hence, the most effective coagulating agent for Sb2S3 is Al2(SO4)3.
Why is coagulant added to water?
Coagulant aid Chemicals (typically synthentic polymers) added to water to enhance the coagulation process. if an excess of alum is added so that the dosed water pH is less than 5.0, then the metal ions (Al3+) will directly ˜eutralize the negatively charged organic compounds and colloids in the raw water. 1.
Which electrolyte is better for coagulation of Sol?
As MgCl2 gives highest cation concentration with maximum positive charge ( =+2 on cation) , it will bring about the coagulation of a gold sol quickest and in the least of concentration.
What is the difference between coagulant and flocculant?
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
What is the coagulant?
Coagulants are a substance which cause particles in a liquid to curdle and clot together. Coagulation treatment chemicals are used in effluent water treatment processes for solids removal, water clarification, lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dewatering.
What are the 4 steps of coagulation?
1) Constriction of the blood vessel. 2) Formation of a temporary “platelet plug.” 3) Activation of the coagulation cascade. 4) Formation of “fibrin plug” or the final clot.
How much alum do I put in my water?
Make an alum solution by adding 7.5 grams of alum to one liter of tap water.
Which electrolyte is better in the coagulation of a positive Sol?
Step by step solution by experts to help you in doubt clearance & scoring excellent marks in exams. Sol has positive charge. For is coagulation, [Fe(CN6]-4 ion carrying maximum negative charge i.e., -4 units are the most effective according to Hardy-Schulze law.
What is flocculant for?
Used in a wide range of industries and applications, flocculants help to remove suspended solids from wastewater by aggregating contaminants into flakes or “flocs” that float to the surface of the water or settle at the bottom. They can also be used for lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dehydration.
Which of the following electrolytes is most effective coagulating agent for?
Hence, Na3PO4 (containing PO43− ions) is more effective.
Is FeCl3 a coagulant?
Ferric chloride (FeCl3) is the most common iron salt used to achieve coagulation. Its reactions in the coagulation process are similar to those of alum, but its relative solubility and pH range differ significantly from those of alum. Both alum and ferric chloride can be used to generate inorganic polymeric coagulants.
Which are two chemicals used to purify water?
Chlorine and ozone are two chemicals used to purify water.
What makes a good coagulant?
The best coagulant is therefore a pre-hydrolysed species with a high basicity. PACl has been found to be very suitable for lime softening applications. The advantage of a low basicity coagulant is even more pronounced in full softening applications, and the non-sulphated PACl is the coagulant of choice.
Which of the following is a better coagulating agent for flocculation of gold sol?
K4[Fe(CN)6] is most effective in the coagulation of gold solution .
Which is best coagulating agent?
Among all the options, potassium ferrocyanide ion is having the maximum valency hence it will act as best coagulating agent for ferric hydroxide sol.
How the coagulant works in jar test?
The jar test involves exposing same volume samples of the water to be treated to different doses of the coagulant and then simultaneously mixing the samples at a constant rapid mixing time. The microfloc formed after coagulation further undergoes flocculation and is allowed to settle.
What two chemicals are commonly used as water coagulants?
Aluminum sulfate (alum) is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
What is the main goal of coagulation?
What is the main goal of coagulation pathways? To turn fibrinogen into stable fibrin clots.
Does alum increase pH?
Ionic species present in alum solutions are highly dependent on the degree of reaction with hydroxyl ions. It is tempting to say that “the composition is pH-dependent.” However, in the vicinity of pH=4.3 the composition of alum solutions changes a great deal with very little change in pH.
