Table of Contents
Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon.
| Germanium | |
|---|---|
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −76.84×10−6 cm3/mol |
| Young’s modulus | 103 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 41 GPa |
Is germanium a metal or nonmetal?
Most elements are either metals or nonmetals. Germanium falls in the same group as carbon and silicon, but also as tin and lead. Germanium itself is classified as a metalloid.
Is germanium a conductor?
Pure silicon and germanium are poor conductors of electricity because their outer electrons are tied up in the covalent bonds of the diamondlike framework. They are not conductors in the metallic sense of the word, but are semiconductors.
Where is germanium found on Earth?
Germanium is primarily mined with zinc ore as well as with argyrodite, germanite, and coal according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. According to Chemistry Explained, germanium is mined in Alaska, Tennessee, China, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia and Belgium.
Can germanium tetrachloride conduct electricity?
Germanium looks like a metal. But it is brittle and breaks apart rather easily, which metals normally do not do. It has a melting point of 937.4°C (1,719°F) and a boiling point of 2,830°C (5,130°F). It conducts an electric current poorly.
What are 6 interesting facts about germanium?
Germanium
- Symbol: Ge.
- Atomic Number: 32.
- Atomic Weight: 72.64.
- Classification: Metalloid.
- Phase at Room Temperature: Solid.
- Density: 5.323 grams per cm cubed.
- Melting Point: 938°C, 1720°F.
- Boiling Point: 2833°C, 5131°F.
How much does germanium cost?
The cost of germanium is about $3/g.
What is the chemical symbol for germanium?
Ge
How is germanium found in nature?
Germanium is not found as the free element in nature. Germanium is found in germanite, argyrodite, and some zinc ores. It is also present in coal and its presence in coal insures reserves for many years.
What is germanium lens?
Germanium lenses are optical lenses made of polished germanium. These lenses are rugged and resistant to corrosion, and are ideal for harsh environments and applications where there is constant exposure to the elements.
When was germanium found?
1886
What is germanium glass?
Germanium glass is what is called a high-density IR-transmitting material that blocks UV and VIS wavelengths. Germanium lets light in the wavelengths between 8000-14000 nanometers (the infrared spectrum) pass through and basically blocks all other light.
Is germanium safe to handle?
Route of Entry: Skin Contact Skin Absorption Eye Contact Inhalation Ingestion Germanium metal is relatively non-toxic by all routes of exposure, particularly in massive forms.
Why is germanium used in camera lenses?
Germanium oxide has a high index of refraction, meaning light travels through it more slowly. This gives it applications in wide angle lenses for cameras and microscope lenses. It’s also used in the core parts of optical fibres.
What everyday items contain germanium?
Germanium is used in the manufacture of wide-angle camera lenses. The element gives special properties to the glass. Because germanium has traits that are similar to silicon and tin, the semiconductor industry uses germanium on a regular basis.
What is the smell of germanium?
Germane
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula | GeH4 |
| Molar mass | 76.62 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Odor | Pungent |
Is germanium found in its pure form?
In its pure form, the element is too reactive to occur naturally and is often found in compound state or in minerals. 4. Germanium is quite rare and found in the Earth at about 1.6 parts per million. The highest concentration has been found in coal seams.
Do germanium bracelets work?
Testing of ionizing bracelets, pressed against a negative ion meter do show ionic activity. Any one of those 8 would work far better than a tourmaline or germanium bracelet. Claims that negative ions can enter directly into your bloodstream from wearing ionic jewelry on your skin have never been proven.
What food is germanium in?
Germanium is a naturally occurring element. Trace amounts can be found in foods such as shiitake mushrooms, garlic, tuna, and tomato juice.
Is germanium a rare earth metal?
Rare earth elements are also expected to play a big part in the future. Cerium, the most common, is similar in abundance to copper and more abundant than lead, tin, cadmium, boron, tantalum, germanium and numerous other commonly used elements. Even so, rare earth elements are in short supply.
How do we use germanium in everyday life?
In addition to its applications in electronic devices, germanium is used as a component of alloys and in phosphors for fluorescent lamps. Because germanium is transparent to infrared radiation, it is employed in equipment used for detecting and measuring such radiation, such as windows and lenses.
Is germanium natural or synthetic?
However, synthetic soluble germanium salts are nephrotoxic, and synthetic chemically reactive germanium compounds with halogens and hydrogen are irritants and toxins.
| Germanium | |
|---|---|
| Naming | after Germany, homeland of the discoverer |
| Prediction | Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
| Discovery | Clemens Winkler (1886) |
| Main isotopes of germanium | |
Does the human body use germanium?
Inorganic (elemental) germanium is LIKELY UNSAFE. This includes certain compounds such as germanium oxide. There have been more than 30 reports of kidney failure and death linked with use of these forms of germanium. It builds up in the body and can damage vital organs such as the kidneys.
Is germanium toxic to humans?
Germanium is not an essential element. Its acute toxicity is low. However, at least 31 reported human cases linked prolonged intake of germanium products with renal failure and even death.
Can germanium cause kidney failure?
Germanium and kidney damage Germanium can break down your kidney tissue, causing kidney damage. In some cases, germanium can even cause chronic kidney failure and death.
What are 3 uses for germanium?
Uses of Germanium Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits. It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst. It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors. Some germanium compounds are useful because they are toxic to bacteria but are harmless for mammals.
What is germanium good for?
People use it as medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, germanium is used for heart and blood vessel conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease; for eye conditions, including glaucoma and cataracts; and for liver conditions, including hepatitis and cirrhosis.
What are the properties of germanium?
Pure germanium is a hard, lustrous, gray-white, brittle metalloid. It has a diamondlike crystalline structure and it is similar in chemical and physical properties to silicon. Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid.
