Table of Contents
What is the process of making a polymer called?
polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer.
Which of the following is defined as a molecule made of repeating copies of smaller molecules?
Polymers. The word polymer comes from poly- (many) and -mer (part). A polymer may be a natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecule (monomers).
What is the simplest unit of a compound that maintains all the characteristics of the compound?
Atoms are extremely tiny; to make a line 1 inch long, you would need 217 million iron atoms. The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound is called a molecule. Molecules are composed of atoms that are attached together and behave as a unit.
What are the types of polymerization?
There are two general types of polymerization reactions: addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. In addition polymerization, the monomers add to one another in such a way that the polymer contains all the atoms of the starting monomers. Ethylene molecules are joined together in long chains.
How are polymers built?
How do you build polymers from monomers? Large biological molecules often assemble via dehydration synthesis reactions, in which one monomer forms a covalent bond to another monomer (or growing chain of monomers), releasing a water molecule in the process.
How are polymers formed in stepwise manner?
Step-growth polymers are formed by independent reaction steps between functional groups of monomer units, usually containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen or oxygen. Most step-growth polymers are also classified as condensation polymers, since a small molecule such as water is lost when the polymer chain is lengthened.
How polymers are formed from monomers?
The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts. At the same time, the monomers share electrons and form covalent bonds. As additional monomers join, this chain of repeating monomers forms a polymer.
What is protein’s polymer?
Proteins are polymers in which the 20 natural amino acids are linked by amide bonds. In many cases, structural proteins have a characteristic amino acid sequence that repeats to form a higher-order structure by intermolecular and/or intramolecular hydrogen bonding [1].
What is the term for the repeating units that make up a polymer?
monomers. Explanation: the small repeating units of a polymer is called monomer. many monomers combine together to make a polymer.
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains all the characteristics of that element?
Atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of a pure substance or element that can exist and still retain the properties of the original substance or element.
Is the smallest particle of a compound which retains all the properties of that compound?
a molecule. The smallest part of a compound is the molecule. A molecule retains all the properties of that compound.
What is the smallest possible particle that retains the characteristics of a compound?
molecule: The smallest particle of a specific compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
What is polymer and types of polymer?
Commercial Uses of Polymers Polymer Monomer Uses of Polymer Rubber Isoprene (1, 2-methyl 1 – 1, 3-butadiene) Making tyres, elastic materials BUNA – S (a) 1, 3-butadiene (b) Styrene Synthetic rubber BUNA – N (a) 1, 3-butadiene (b) Vinyl Cyanide Synthetic rubber Teflon Tetra Flouro Ethane Non-stick cookware – plastics.
Which polymer is prepared by step growth polymerization?
Many naturally occurring and some synthetic polymers are produced by step-growth polymerization, e.g. polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, etc. Due to the nature of the polymerization mechanism, a high extent of reaction is required to achieve high molecular weight.
What is polymer science and engineering?
Polymer science and engineering is a multidisciplinary STEM field focused on this special class of molecules. Polymer materials are ubiquitous in almost every aspect of modern life, and advances in the field enable scientific and technological breakthroughs in a wide range of technical applications.
Where does polymer come from?
polymer A substance made from long chains of repeating groups of atoms. Manufactured polymers include nylon, polyvinyl chloride (better known as PVC) and many types of plastics. Natural polymers include rubber, silk and cellulose (found in plants and used to make paper, for example).
What do polymers make up?
Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, including, for example, proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids. Moreover, they constitute the basis of such minerals as diamond, quartz, and feldspar and such man-made materials as concrete, glass, paper, plastics, and rubbers.
What are the raw materials needed in order to produce a polymer?
3 Manufacture of monomers The most important primary sources of synthetic polymers are crude oil, natural gas and, to a minor extent, coal. Because all are primarily fuels rather than sources of materials, the manufacture of polymers is susceptible to changes in price or supply.
Which is fully fluorinated polymer?
Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a fully fluorinated polymer.
What reactions form polymers?
There are two basic ways to form polymers: (a) linking small molecules together, a type of addition reaction, and (b) combining two molecules (of the same or different type) with the elimination of a stable small molecule such as water.
What is the first step in the synthesis of a polymer?
The first step in the chain-reaction polymerization process, initiation, occurs when the free-radical catalyst reacts with a double bonded carbon monomer, beginning the polymer chain.
Which of the polymer is used in preparation of plastics?
Polyethylene is made by the reaction of multiple ethylene molecules in the presence of catalyst. The polymer industry employs many catalysts, and new catalysts are developed every year. Different catalysts are used to create polymers with particular properties, even in the same reactor.
What is a polymer and a monomer?
Monomers are small molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers. Polymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units.
How are synthetic polymers made?
Synthetic polymers are produced by chemical reactions, termed “polymerizations.” Polymerizations occur in varied forms–far too many to examine here–but such reactions consist of the repetitive chemical bonding of individual molecules, or monomers. Co-polymers can be formed using two or more different monomers.
