Table of Contents
What is the definition of bathtub crank?
Amphetamines that have been made by an amateur at home or in makeshift conditions. The name alludes to “bathtub gin,” referring to the use of bathtubs in creating illegal alcohol (most often gin, hence the name) during the prohibition years in the US.
What is the Nagai method?
The reduction of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine hydrochloride using hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, known as the Nagai route, is preferred in the Asian and South Asian region. The method is straightforward and can be used for large-scale production (Figure 1).
How do you make methylamine?
Methylamine is prepared commercially by the reaction of ammonia with methanol in the presence of an aluminosilicate catalyst. Dimethylamine and trimethylamine are co-produced; the reaction kinetics and reactant ratios determine the ratio of the three products.
Can you make pseudoephedrine?
Almost all commercial pseudoephedrine, however, is produced by fermenting dextrose in the presence of benzaldehyde. The primary product, (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol, is aminated to make pseudoephedrine.
What is bathtub speed?
Regional drug slang for methcathinone.
What is the Birch method?
The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to cyclohexadienes. The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in liquid ammonia with sodium, lithium, or potassium and an alcohol, such as ethanol and tert-butanol.
How do you synthesize ephedrine?
Natural ephedrine is prepared by extraction from Ephedra plants. This process is typically employed for ephedrine manufactured in China. Semi-synthetic ephedrine is prepared by fermentation of sugar followed by amination, a process known to be used in India. Fully chemically synthesized ephedrine is produced elsewhere.
What is difference between methylamine and Ethanamide?
The key difference between ethanamide and methylamine is that ethanamide is a simple amide that occurs as a colorless solid, whereas methylamine is a simple amine that occurs as a colorless and hygroscopic solid compound. Ethanamide or acetamide is an organic compound having the chemical formula CH3CONH2.
What is the name of the drug in Breaking Bad?
Crystal Meth – The “Chemical Star of the Show” N-methylamphetamine ((S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propane-2-amine), also known as meth, crystal, or pervitin, is the drug at the center of Breaking Bad.
Is methylamine poisonous to humans?
* Methylamine can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. * Breathing Methylamine can irritate the nose and throat causing coughing and wheezing. * Methylamine can irritate the lungs.
What’s the difference between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine?
By convention, the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) is designated ephedrine, while the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1R,2R) and (1S,2S) is called pseudoephedrine. Ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and a structural methamphetamine analogue.
Is pseudoephedrine made from ephedrine?
It is used as a nasal/sinus decongestant and stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent. Pseudoephedrine is a diastereomer of ephedrine (see below) and is readily reduced into methamphetamine or oxidized into methcathinone.
Is Ephedrine a stimulant?
Because ephedrine is a sympathomimetic and a central nervous system stimulant, it is commonly used as an energy enhancer.
How do you synthesize mephedrone?
Mephedrone can be synthesised in several ways. The simplest method, due to the availability of the compounds, is to add 4-methylpropiophenone dissolved in glacial acetic acid to bromine, creating an oil fraction of 4′-methyl-2-bromopropiophenone.
What are the side effects of cat?
Long-term effects Paranoia. Hallucinations. Anxiety followed by depression. Tremors and convulsions. Anorexia, malnutrition, and weight loss. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Stomach pains. Nausea.
What is stereoselective Birch reduction?
Abstract. The Birch reduction has been applied to electron-deficient pyrroles substituted with a chiral auxiliary at the C-2 position. Using either 8-phenylmenthol ortrans-2-(α-cumyl)cyclohexanol (TCC) as auxiliaries, high levels of stereoselectivity were obtained.
Does phenol undergo Birch reduction?
6) In case of phenols, the birch reduction is not possible. It is because, phenolic function becomes phenolate ion under the reaction conditions (basic) and does not react further. 10) Electron deficient heterocyclic aromatic compounds can also be reduced in Birch reduction.
What is ephedra in?
Ephedra is used in weight loss supplements. Proponents claim that it may help promote weight loss and suppress appetite. Prior to the ban on ephedra supplements, many dietary supplements marketed for weight loss also contained caffeine-containing herbs, such as green tea, yerba mate, and guarana.
What plant does ephedra come from?
Ephedra is a Chinese shrub which has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. The pure alkaloid ephedrine was first isolated and characterised by Nagai in 1885. It was then forgotten until it was rediscovered by Chen and Schmidt in the early 1920s.
How do you extract ephedrine from ephedra Sinica?
In order to effectively obtain ephedrine from ephedra, the inventors of the present invention performed an ultra-high pressure process, and extracted with sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol as a solvent in a fraction determined during fractionation without adding diethyl etherol as before.
