Table of Contents
What is the shape of DNA?
The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
What is DNA Explain with diagram?
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create a structure called a double helix. If you think of the double-helix structure as a ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, while the base pairs would be the rungs.
How do you label DNA structure?
Labeling the Twisted Ladder Alphabetize the DNA rungs. A DNA strand is made of four bases, classified with the letters A, C, T, and G. A stands for adenine (a purine); C stands for cytosine (a pyrimidine); G stands for Guanine (also a purine); and T represents Thymine (a pyrimidine).
Where is topoisomerase located?
Topoisomerase is also found in the mitochondria of cells. The mitochondria generate ATP as well as playing a role in programmed cell death and aging. The mitochondrial DNA of animal cells is a circular, double-stranded DNA that requires the activity of topoisomerase to be replicated.
What are the steps of replication of DNA in a cell?
DNA replication steps. There are three main steps to DNA replication: initiation, elongation, and termination. In order to fit within a cell’s nucleus, DNA is packed into tightly coiled structures called chromatin, which loosens prior to replication, allowing the cell replication machinery to access the DNA strands.
What is DNA for kids?
DNA is the material that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is in every cell of every living thing. DNA is found in structures of the cell called chromosomes. Both DNA and chromosomes are tiny.
How is DNA is formed?
DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating.
What is DNA code?
The DNA code contains instructions needed to make the proteins and molecules essential for our growth, development and health. There are 20 different amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Different proteins are made up of different combinations of amino acids.
What are the forms of DNA?
Three major forms of DNA are double stranded and connected by interactions between complementary base pairs. These are terms A-form, B-form,and Z-form DNA.
What are 5 facts about DNA?
Here are 6 weird but true facts about DNA. Your DNA could stretch from the earth to the sun and back ~600 times. We’re all 99.9 percent alike. Genes make up only about 3 percent of your DNA. A DNA test can reveal you’re more Irish than your siblings. The human genome contains 3 billion base pairs of DNA.
How can I see my DNA?
Given that DNA molecules are found inside the cells, they are too small to be seen with the naked eye. For this reason, a microscope is needed. While it is possible to see the nucleus (containing DNA) using a light microscope, DNA strands/threads can only be viewed using microscopes that allow for higher resolution.
Does DNA have one or two strands?
So each DNA molecule is made up of two strands, and there are four nucleotides present in DNA: A, C, T, and G. And each of the nucleotides on one side of the strand pairs with a specific nucleotide on the other side of the strand, and this makes up the double helix.
What does helicase enzyme do?
Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. DNA helicases are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied.
Is helicase a topoisomerase?
Summary – Helicase vs Topoisomerase Helicase is an enzyme that separates annealed two strands of DNA, RNA or DNA-RNA hybrid by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases. In contrast, topoisomerase is an enzyme that creates single-stranded or double-stranded breaks to relieve stress during supercoiling.
What does DNA Primase do?
DNA primases are enzymes whose continual activity is required at the DNA replication fork. They catalyze the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerases. Primers are synthesized from ribonucleoside triphosphates and are four to fifteen nucleotides long.
How is the DNA separated into single strands?
DNA double helix is separated into single strands by the enzyme DNA helicase. Newly-exposed, unreplicated DNA is protected by single-strand binding protein. Short segments of RNA are synthesized, called RNA primers.
What are the 4 stages of the cell cycle?
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell actually divides. The other two phases — G1 and G2, the so-called gap phases — are less dramatic but equally important.
What are the 7 steps of DNA replication?
The series of events that occur during prokaryotic DNA replication have been explained below. Initiation. Primer Synthesis. Leading Strand Synthesis. Lagging Strand Synthesis. Primer Removal. Ligation. Termination.
How do you teach kids DNA?
5 Fun Ways to Teach Your Students About DNA Describe the Subject Matter in a Different and Simpler Way. Make Use of Visual Aids. Focus on the Double Helix Structure of DNA. Ask the Students to Answer Questions About Themselves. Have the Students Participate in Games/Contests.
