Table of Contents
How did covered wagons work?
The first covered wagons were built in a ‘boat’ shape, with each end curving up so that the contents of the wagon would not spill out. The wagon would have been pulled by a team of six horses or oxen, with the driver often walking alongside the wagon or riding some of the horses.
How were covered wagons made?
The white canvas cover called a bonnet, that was stretched across arched wooden bows of the wagon was meant to protect the contents of the wagon from rain and dust. Westward travelers used a 10-ounce canvas made of cotton duck fabric. To make it waterproof, the canvas was coated with linseed oil.
How did wagon trains operate?
A wagon train is a group of wagons traveling together. Before the extensive use of military vehicles, baggage trains followed an army with supplies and ammunition. In the American West, settlers traveling across the plains and mountain passes in covered wagons banded together for mutual assistance.
What did pioneers use to pull their wagons?
Oxen were very strong and could haul fully-loaded wagons up ravines or drag them out of mudholes. A large wagon needed at least three pairs of oxen to pull it. Scholars put the percentage of pioneer wagons pulled by oxen at one-half to three-quarters.
What are the parts of a covered wagon?
The three main parts of a prairie wagon were the bed, the undercarriage, and the cover. BED = was a rectangular wooden box, usually 4 feet wide by 10 feet long. At its front end was a jockey box to hold tools.
Why didn’t most pioneers ride in their wagon?
People didn’t ride in the wagons often, because they didn’t want to wear out their animals. Instead they walked alongside them, getting just as dusty as the animals. The long journey was hard on both people and animals. It was even hard on the wagons, which usually had to be repaired several times during the trip.
What is the tongue of a wagon?
a wooden crossbar of a carriage or wagon to which the traces of the harness are fastened.
How many wagons were usually in a wagon train?
Wagon Trains were composed of up to 200 wagons, though more common were trains of 30 or less wagons. Wagon Trains had large numbers of livestock accompany them. Upwards of 2,000 cattle and 10,000 sheep joined the pioneers in their westward trek.
What does pulling the wagon mean?
If you are anywhere near my age you will have heard the phrase, “It’s your little red wagon, and you have to pull it.” There’s another phrase used for the same meaning; “If you make your own bed, then you have to lie in it.” Both phrases are generally used to express that everyone must be accountable for their own.
How many miles a day did a wagon train travel?
The covered wagon made 8 to 20 miles per day depending upon weather, roadway conditions and the health of the travelers. It could take up to six months or longer to reach their destination.
How many people usually traveled on a wagon train?
The wagon train is probably one of those images. What exactly was a wagon train? It was a group of covered wagons, usually around 100 of them. These carried people and their supplies to the West before there was a transcontinental railroad.
What did they eat on wagon trains?
Those who operated freight wagon trains subsisted on coffee, bread, salt pork and beans or cornmeal. Delicacies included oysters, which were packed in tins in the early years and later shipped fresh, and alcoholic beverages such as French Champagne and claret.
How many horses does it take to pull a wagon?
Teams of 10 to 12 horses or mules or six yoked oxen typically were used to pull one of these wagons, with mules and oxen generally preferred. Ideally, several more animals would be kept in reserve to replace those that became lame or worn-out along the route.
Why did the wagon trains form a circle overnight?
“To be on the safe side, the pioneers drew their wagons into a circle at night to create a makeshift stockade. If they feared Indians might raid their livestock—the Plains tribes valued the horses, though generally ignored the oxen—they would drive the animals into the enclosure.”Jun 28, 2017.
How fast can oxen pull a wagon?
The oxen had a top speed of 3 miles per hour, and considerably less pulling power. To add insult to injury, Dr. Braund had to walk beside his team of oxen while they hauled a log, while Rohrbach’s horses not only pulled the log, but also Rohrbach, who rode comfortably on a forecart behind them.
What did pioneers sleep on?
Many modern beds are constructed with several inches of foam mattresses and metal springs, but a pioneer bed was put together in a different way. The thin mattress was a large cloth sack, or tick, that could be filled with dried grass, wool, or feathers.
What was the average size of a covered wagon?
Including its tongue, the average Conestoga wagon was 18 feet (5.4 m) long, 11 feet (3.3 m) high, and 4 feet (1.2 m) in width. It could carry up to 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg) of cargo. The seams in the body of the wagon were caulked with tar to protect them from leaking while crossing rivers.
How much did a covered wagon cost in the 1840s?
It was costly—as much as $1,000 for a family of four. That fee included a wagon at about $100. Usually four or six animals had to pull the wagon. Oxen were slower, but held up better than horses or mules.
What did the pioneers eat for breakfast?
Beans, cornmeal mush, Johnnycakes or pancakes, and coffee were the usual breakfast. Fresh milk was available from the dairy cows that some families brought along, and pioneers took advantage go the rough rides of the wagon to churn their butter.
How far did pioneers walk each day?
Average distance covered in a day was usually fifteen miles, but on a good day twenty could be traveled. 7:30 am: Men ride ahead on horses with shovels to clear out a path, if needed.
