Table of Contents
The motor is first started as a slip ring induction motor. The resistance is gradually cut-off as the motor gains speed. When it achieves near synchronous speed, DC excitation is given to the rotor, and it is pulled into synchronism. Then it starts rotating as a synchronous motor.
Why can synchronous motor start by itself?
Starting methods Above a certain size, synchronous motors are not self-starting motors. This property is due to the inertia of the rotor; it cannot instantly follow the rotation of the magnetic field of the stator.
What is a synchronous motor and how does it work?
A synchronous motor is one in which the rotor normally rotates at the same speed as the revolving field in the machine. The stator is similar to that of an induction machine consisting of a cylindrical iron frame with windings, usually three-phase, located in slots around the inner periphery.
How do you control the speed of a synchronous motor?
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control. Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
What are the various methods of starting a 3 phase synchronous motor?
The different methods used to start a synchronous motor are :
- Using Pony Motors : By using the small pony motors like a small induction motor, we can start the synchronous motor.
- Using Small D.C. Machine :
- Using Damper Winding :
- As a Slip Ring Induction Motor ( Synchronous Induction Motor ) :
Why do we use synchronous motors?
The advantages of the synchronous motor are the ease with which the power factor can be controlled and the constant rotational speed of the machine, irrespective of the applied load. Synchronous motors, however, are generally more expensive and a d.c. supply is a necessary feature of the rotor excitation.
What are the main characteristics of synchronous motor?
Main Features of Synchronous Motors
- Synchronous motors are inherently not self starting.
- The speed of operation of is in synchronism with the supply frequency and hence for constant supply frequency they behave as constant speed motor irrespective of load condition.
How is a synchronous motor excited?
When the synchronous motor is working at constant applied voltage V, the resultant air gap flux as demanded by V remains substantially constant. This resultant air gap flux is established by the co operation of both AC supply of armature winding and DC supply of rotor winding.
What are the three approaches to safely start a synchronous motor?
The following are the different methods to start a synchronous motor.
- Using Pony Motors.
- Using Damper Winding.
- 3.As a slip ring Induction motor.
- Using Small dc machine coupled to it.
Where are synchronous motors used?
Synchronous motors are normally used in applications in which a constant and precise speed is required. Typical applications of these low power motors are positioning machines. They are also used in robot actuators. Synchronous motors are also used in ball mills, watches, record players, and turntables.
Why starter is used in AC motor?
A starter is a device that reduces initial high current of the motor by reducing the supply voltage applied to the motor. Such reduction is applied for very short duration and once the motor accelerates, slip value decreases and hence a normal voltage is then applied.
What is the difference between induction motor and synchronous motor?
A three-phase synchronous motor is a doubly excited machine, whereas an induction motor is a single excited machine. The armature winding of the synchronous motor is energized from an AC source and its field winding from a DC source. The stator winding of Induction Motor is energized from an AC source.
Why the speed of synchronous motor is constant?
The rotor of a synchronous motor moves at the same speed as the changing, rotating field in its stator. The rotor’s magnetic field is “synchronized” with the stator’s field. Their speed is dependent on the number of poles and the supply frequency. They have a constant speed at a given supply frequency.
What are the advantages of synchronous motor?
Advantages of Synchronous Motor
- The advantage of using synchronous motor is the ability to control the power factor.
- Speed remains constant irrespective of the loads in synchronous motors.
- Synchronous motors are built with wider air gaps than induction motors which make them mechanically more stable.
What is synchronous speed?
: a definite speed for an alternating-current machine that is dependent on the frequency of the supply circuit because the rotating member passes one pair of poles for each alternation of the alternating current.
Which motors are self starting?
The types of induction motor depend upon the input supply. There are single phase induction motors and three phase induction motors. Single phase induction motors arenot a self-starting motor, and three phase induction motor are a self-starting motor.
What determines the speed of a synchronous motor?
The synchronous speed of an AC motor is determined by the frequency of the source and the number of poles. The RPM is calculated by multiplying the frequency times 60 and dividing by the number of pairs of poles.
Which type of starter is used for synchronous motor?
Controllers for synchronous motors have four components: a three-pole starter for the ac stator circuit, a contactor for the dc field circuit, an automatic synchronizing device to control the dc field contactor, and a cage-winding protective relay to open the ac circuit if the motor operates too long without
Which motors are not self starting?
Above a certain size, synchronous motors are not self-starting motors. This property is due to the inertia of the rotor; it cannot instantly follow the rotation of the magnetic field of the stator.
Why are DC motors not self starting?
Key Point : As a result, the average torque exerted on the rotor is zero. And hence the synchronous motor is not self starting. This is because the speed with which rotating magnetic field is rotating is so high that it is unable to rotate the rotor from its initial position, due to the inertia of the rotor.
How do you test a synchronous motor?
TESTING THE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR The rotor can be tested with an ohmmeter for an open winding or a grounded winding. To test the rotor for an open winding, connect one of the ohmmeter leads to each of the slip rings on the rotor shaft, Figure 17–5.
What is the measuring system needed for a synchronous motor?
For ac induction motors, the actual or rotor speed is the speed at which the shaft (rotor) rotates, typically measured using a tachometer. The synchronous speed is the speed of the stator’s magnetic field rotation, calculated as 120 times the line frequency divided by the number of poles in the motor.
