Table of Contents
What is clinker factor in cement?
The clinker factor varies from 78.3% to 72.9%. The results show that the optimal clinker factor is at 74.5% with the CGA addition 300 ppm. It can improve the cement fineness to 3848cm2/gr and decrease the sieving R45μ to 10%. In addition, the strength of the cement produced is higher than the standard.
What is clinker ratio?
The world average clinker/cement ratio is about 0.81, with the balance comprising gypsum and additives such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolana.
How do you reduce clinker factor?
Reducing the Clinker Factor by partially substituting the clinker used in the composite cement production process with materials that have binding properties (also known as mineral components).
How do you calculate lime saturation factor?
Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) The Lime Saturation Factor is a ratio of CaO to the other three main oxides. Applied to clinker, it is calculated as: LSF=CaO/(2.8SiO2 + 1.2Al2O3 + 0.65Fe2O3) Often, this is referred to as a percentage and therefore multiplied by 100.
What is LSF in cement?
Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) The Lime Saturation Factor is a ratio of CaO to the other three main oxides. Applied to clinker, it is calculated as: LSF=CaO/(2.8SiO2 + 1.2Al2O3 + 0.65Fe2O3) Often, this is referred to as a percentage and therefore multiplied by 100.
What is the difference between cement and clinker?
Clinker is a nodular material which is used as the binder in cement products. Cement is a binding agent that sets and hardens to adhere to building units such as stones, bricks, tiles etc. Clinker is a granular substance containing spherical pellets of diameter 3-25 mm.
What does clinker mean?
1 : a brick that has been burned too much in the kiln. 2 : stony matter fused together : slag. clinker. noun (2) clink·er | \ ˈkliŋ-kər \.
What is the percentage of clinker in PC?
As per specification of BDS EN 197-1:2003, CEM-1, 52.5 N Crown Portland Cement is a cement prepared by mixing clinker 95-100% and gypsum 0-5%. This cement is also called Portland Cement (PC).
How much CO2 is produced per ton of cement?
IEA [8] indicates that 0.5-0.6 ton of CO2 is emitted per ton of cement , reports from cement companies rather indicate a value around 0.6-0.7 t CO2/ t cement (GNR average of 0.654 tCO2/t cement).
What is dry process?
Dry process is the name given to the various manufacturing processes for composite components in which the part is made by depositing and shaping pre-impregnated semi-finished products. The manufacturing processes based on the dry process principle are industrialised (mechanised or automated).
What is in fly ash?
Fly Ash, a very fine, powdery material composed mostly of silica made from the burning of finely ground coal in a boiler. Bottom Ash, a coarse, angular ash particle that is too large to be carried up into the smoke stacks so it forms in the bottom of the coal furnace.
Is gypsum a cement?
Gypsum is called the retarding agent of cement which is mainly used for regulating the setting time of cement and is an indispensable component. Without gypsum, cement clinker can condense immediately by mixing with water and release heat.
What is the formula for the saturation factor?
LSF (Lime Saturation Factor) = 100 * CaO / Optimal CaO. Whichever greater LSF level is looked for, more energy will be required by greater amount of carbonates to descarbonate, unless the CaO comes from other minerals different from carbonates.
What is a saturation factor?
: a measure of the saturation of a magnetizable body that is the ratio of a small percentage increase in excitation to the percentage increase in magnetic flux produced thereby and that is usually applied to the magnetic excitation of dynamoelectric machines at rated speed and voltage.
What is meant by lime saturation factor?
Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) is the ratio of the actual amount of lime in raw meal/clinker to the theoretical lime required by the major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3) in the raw mix or clinker.
What is C3S in cement?
It is the hydration of the calcium silicate, aluminate, and aluminoferrite minerals that causes the hardening, or setting, of cement. The ratio of C3S to C2S helps to determine how fast the cement will set, with faster setting occurring with higher C3S contents. Lower C3A content promotes resistance to sulfates.
What is the Blaine of cement?
The Blaine Fineness Apparatus is used in measuring the fineness of Portland cement in accordance with ASTM and AASHTO standards. The fineness is measured in terms of the specific area of cement expressed as total surface area in square centimeters per gram.
What is free lime in cement?
Calcination of cement raw materials in the kiln produces a material called clinker. Free lime (CaO) in clinkers has to be closely monitored to ensure the quality of cement. Excess free lime results in undesirable effects such as volume expansion, increased setting time or reduced strength.
Is clinker hazardous?
Clinkers are non-combustible and non-explosive and will not facilitate or sustain the combustion of other materials. Clinker poses no fire-related hazards. No need for special protective equipment for fire- fighters. Ensure that the workers wear appropriate personal protective equipment and prevent dust from spreading.
What does clinker look like?
Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials such as coke, coal, slag, charcoal, and grit. Clinker often has a glassy look to it, usually because of the formation of molten silica compounds during processing.
What is the pH of cement?
Portland cement, concrete’s binding agent, has a pH of 11, making it alkaline. For cement to effectively hold the various components within it, it should have a pH of around 11. The problem is that Portland cement does not resist many acidic compounds well.
Why is clinker called clinker?
Clinkers are so named for the metallic sound they make when struck together. Clinker bricks are denser, heavier, and more irregular than standard bricks. Clinkers are water-resistant and durable, but have higher thermal conductivity than more porous red bricks, lending less insulation to climate-controlled structures.
What is the meaning of clinker built?
: having the external planks or plates overlapping like the clapboards on a house.
What is a clinker chocolate?
Cadbury Clinkers are colourful candies centres dipped in smooth Cadbury milk chocolate. Colourful candy centres covered in deliciously smooth Cadbury milk chocolate.
