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Pure germanium is a hard, lustrous, gray-white, brittle metalloid. It has a diamondlike crystalline structure and it is similar in chemical and physical properties to silicon. Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid.
What are 3 physical properties of germanium?
Germanium is a hard, grayish-white element, has a metallic luster but is brittle like glass.Physical Properties. Atomic number 32 Density, g/cm 3 5.3234 Melting point, °C 938.4 Boiling point, °C 2,833 Heat of fusion, kJ mol − 1 36.94.
What are the uses of germanium?
In addition to its applications in electronic devices, germanium is used as a component of alloys and in phosphors for fluorescent lamps. Because germanium is transparent to infrared radiation, it is employed in equipment used for detecting and measuring such radiation, such as windows and lenses.
What are the properties of germanium and silicon?
Each has four valence electrons, but germanium will at a given temperature have more free electrons and a higher conductivity. Silicon is by far the more widely used semiconductor for electronics, partly because it can be used at much higher temperatures than germanium.
What are the properties of each element?
Chemical properties Atomic number. The atomic number indicates the number of protons within the core of an atom. Atomic mass. The name indicates the mass of an atom, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). Electronegativity according to Pauling. Density. Melting point. Boiling point. Vanderwaals radius. Ionic radius.
What are the physical properties of arsenic?
Gray arsenic is a very brittle semi-metallic solid. It is steel-gray in color, crystalline, tarnishes readily in air, and is rapidly oxidized to arsenous oxide (As2O3) upon heating (arsenous oxide exudes the odor of garlic). Arsenic and its compounds are poisonous.
What are Silicons properties?
Silicon is the most abundant electropositive element in The Earth’s crust. It’s a metalloid with a marked metallic luster and very brittle. It is usually tetravalent in its compounds, although sometimes its bivalent, and it’s purely electropositive in its chemical behaviour.
Is germanium harmful to humans?
Germanium is not an essential element. Its acute toxicity is low. However, at least 31 reported human cases linked prolonged intake of germanium products with renal failure and even death. Signs of kidney dysfunction, kidney tubular degeneration, and germanium accumulation were observed.
What is germanium used for everyday?
The largest use of germanium is in the semiconductor industry. When doped with small amounts of arsenic, gallium, indium, antimony or phosphorus, germanium is used to make transistors for use in electronic devices. Germanium is also used to create alloys and as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps.
What is germanium an example of?
The Germanium element is not doped with any impurities. Hence, it is an intrinsic semiconductor.So, Germanium is an example of an intrinsic semiconductor.
Which is better silicon or germanium?
In present, Silicon is preferred over Germanium for semiconductor. The reason is, Silicon can be worked at a higher temperature as compared to germanium. The structure of Germanium crystals will be destroyed at higher temperature. Also, Silicon has much smaller leakage current than that of germanium.
What is the chemical symbol of germanium?
Ge
What elements does germanium react with?
Germanium react with O2, forming germanium dioxide, GeO2. At room temperature, the germanium surface is passivated by the GeO2 layer. When heated to red heat, germanium reacts with oxygen in the air, forming germanium dioxide.
What are two major characteristics of elements?
All elements have certain characteristics that are summarized on the periodic table. These characteristics include the element’s symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. You will learn how the number of protons in an atom relates to an element’s atomic number, and explore how isotopes affect the atomic mass.
What are matter properties?
The properties of matter include any traits that can be measured, such as an object’s density, color, mass, volume, length, malleability, melting point, hardness, odor, temperature, and more. Physical Properties: include size, shape, color, texture etc. The melting point and freezing point are also physical properties.
Why is it important to know the properties of elements?
It’s important for scientists to know the properties of matter because all things are made up of matter. Each type of matter has different physical characteristics and scientists need to know and understand these characteristics to make calculations.
What are 5 chemical properties of arsenic?
Chemical properties of arsenic – Health effects of arsenic – Environmental effects of arsenic Atomic number 33 Melting point 814 °C (36 atm) Boiling point 615 °C (sublimation) Vanderwaals radius 0.139 nm Ionic radius 0.222 nm (-2) 0,047 nm (+5) 0,058 (+3).
What is the most common use of arsenic?
Arsenic is used as a doping agent in semiconductors (gallium arsenide) for solid-state devices. It is also used in bronzing, pyrotechnics and for hardening shot. Arsenic compounds can be used to make special glass and preserve wood.
What Colour is arsenic?
Arsenic has a number of forms, or allotropes. The most common is metallic gray, followed by yellow and then black.
What are four properties of silicon?
Physical Properties of Silicon The atomic number of silicon is 14 and its relative atomic mass is 28.085 u. The density of silicon is 2.3296 gram per cubic centimeter. The silicon melting point is 1,410°C and the silicon boiling point is 3,265°C. Silicon in its purest form is an intrinsic semiconductor.
What are Sodiums properties?
It’s a soft metal, reactive and with a low melting point, with a relative density of 0,97 at 20ºC (68ºF). From the commercial point of view, sodium is the most important of all the alkaline metals. Sodium reacts quickly with water, and also with snow and ice, to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
What are the properties of beryllium?
Beryllium is a silvery-white metal. It is relatively soft and has a low density. Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Mixing beryllium with these metals increases their electrical and thermal conductivity.
Do humans use germanium?
Germanium is a chemical element. People sometimes use it as medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, germanium is used for cancer, heart disease, hepatitis, glaucoma, and other conditions. But there is no good scientific evidence to support these or other uses.
How do humans use germanium?
There have been claims that germanium may be beneficial for health, including improving the immune system, oxygen supply in the body, and destroying free radicals. According to Healthline, germanium has also been considered to be beneficial in treating allergies, asthma, arthritis, HIV/AIDS and various forms of cancer.
Is germanium found in the human body?
Germanium is a chemical element that can be found in trace amounts in some ores and carbon-based materials. Some people promote it as a treatment for HIV and AIDS, cancer, and other conditions. But the purported health benefits of germanium haven’t been supported by research.
