Table of Contents
Clarification is an essential step in a water or wastewater treatment process to remove suspended solids through gravity settling, providing a clarified liquid effluent. First, understanding primary and secondary clarification is needed to determine the appropriate technology to meet treatment requirements.
What is first step of clarification?
Clarification removes most of the turbidity. Explanation: Finely divided particles suspended in surface water repel each other because most of the surfaces are negatively charged. Coagulation is the first step to neutralize the charged particles and form flocs.
How does clarification take place?
Depending on the nature of the query, the clarification may take place by telephone, email, in writing or at a face-to-face meeting. In each case, the outcome of the clarification should be confirmed in writing and agreed by both parties.
What is the principle of clarification?
Clarification means removing suspended solids from liquids. It forms a part of the purification of water and this treated water has many applications. Plants generally use clarifiers for this.
What do clarifiers do in water treatment?
Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation. A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and (or) thickening.
What is clarification example?
Clarifying can involve asking questions or occasionally summarising what the speaker has said. A listener can ask for clarification when they cannot make sense of the speaker’s responses. Some examples of non-directive clarification-seeking questions are: “I’m not quite sure I understand what you are saying.”.
What happens during the clarification process?
Clarification consists in removing all kind of particles, sediments, oil, natural organic matter anc colour from the water to make it clear. A clarification step is the first part of conventional treatment for waste and surface water treatment.
What is a clarification meeting?
Clarification Meeting means the meeting conducted by the procuring entity on given date and time prior to actual date of bid opening for prospective bidders to seek clarifications regarding the specifications of the services.
What is tender clarification meeting?
Tender clarification (also known as bid clarification) is contact between the procurement officer and the bidder(s) purely for the purpose of the procurement officer clarifying aspects of the tender which are perhaps ambiguous, inconsistent or unusual.
What is tender query?
Tender Query means a query raised by a Tenderer in relation to an Invitation to Tender.
Which treatment clarification falls in?
Which type of treatment does clarification fall in? Explanation: Clarification is classified as Primary treatment.
What is clarification in milk processing?
It involves the use of a centrifugal machine called ‘clarifier’. Thus, clarification is a process of subjecting milk to a centrifugal force in order to eliminate the finer but heavier particles from milk, somatic cells, dust particles, etc. There is no separation of fat globules (cream) and skim milk in a clarifier.
How many of solid can be removed by clarification?
A typical primary clarifier removes 60 percent of suspended solids and 30 to 40 percent of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Secondary clarification follows the biological treatment process with the main goal of returning activated sludge.
How do primary clarifiers work?
The Primary Clarifier Process The inorganic solids (scum) floating on the surface are removed by skimmers. The sludge settling at the bottom is collected by a rake and then removed by the sludge removal system. Biologically treated effluent leaves the clarifier over a weir.
What is difference between purifier and clarifier?
The key difference between purifier and clarifier is that the purifier consists of a dam ring to create a line of separation between fuel and water whereas the clarifier consists of a sealing ring to prevent the fuel tank from water and dissolved impurities.
What is flocculant for?
Used in a wide range of industries and applications, flocculants help to remove suspended solids from wastewater by aggregating contaminants into flakes or “flocs” that float to the surface of the water or settle at the bottom. They can also be used for lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dehydration.
What is a clarification sentence?
a detailed explanation given to make something more understandable. Examples of Clarification in a sentence.
How do you ask for clarification politely?
Tips for asking for clarification Admit you need clarification. Admitting you need more information makes the next step much easier for the person you ask. Don’t blame the other person. Own your confusion. Summarize. Be specific.
How do you ask and give clarification?
When you don’t understand what someone has said, you can ask for clarification using the following expressions: What do you mean by? Do you mean? Could you say that again, please? Could you repeat please? Could you clarify that, please? Would you elaborate on that , please? Could you be more explicit?.
Why is sedimentation used?
The sedimentation process is used to reduce particle concentration in the water. The advantage of sedimentation is that it minimizes the need for coagulation and flocculation. Additionally, sedimentation can be used after coagulation to increase the effectiveness of ongoing filtration in the process.
What do you mean by clarification of water?
Clarified water is water which has undergone clarification to remove suspended solids and solid particles. Water clarification is used in the pre-treatment of drinking water, prior to further purification, and the treatment of municipal wastewater and industrial effluent.
What two chemicals are commonly used as water coagulants?
Aluminum sulfate (alum) is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
Is the word Clarificatory correct?
That serves to clarify. Of or pertaining to clarification.
What is a tender qualification?
Pre-qualification is the stage of the tender process where a number of organisations are pre-selected and subsequently asked to submit a tender.
What does post tender mean?
Negotiations and discussions carried out between the contractor and the client, once the tender has been awarded.
What is a post tender negotiation?
Post-Tender Negotiation (PTN) is a separate exercise from Tender Clarification. PTN is contact between the procurement officer and the bidder(s) to refine and improve the bid(s) received in order to ensure that prices, delivery or associated terms of the contract are competitive.
What are the types of tender?
The various types of tenders generally used are: open tender, selective tender, negotiated tender, serial tender and term tendering. — Open Tendering. — Selective Tendering. — Negotiation Tendering. — Term Tender. The Tender Process is Determined. Request for Tender is Prepared. Tenders are Invited. Suppliers Respond.
How do you tender?
What follows is an overview of the main steps you should take to prepare a competitive tender. Register your interest. Attend tender information sessions. Develop your tender response strategy. Review recent awarded contracts. Write a compelling bid. Understand the payment terms. Find referees. Check and submit your bid.
What are the stages of tendering process?
Stages of the tender process Advertising the requirement. Selection Stage / Pre Qualification Questionnaire (PQQ) Evaluation of selection Stage / PQQ. Invitation to Tender (ITT) Evaluation of the tender submissions. Award of contract.
