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Aluminum Scandium alloy is a kind of high-performance aluminum alloy. There are several ways to improve the performance of aluminum alloy. In the past 20 years, micro-alloying and toughening is the frontier of high-performance aluminum alloy research.
How strong is scandium alloy?
Scandium delivers transformative strength without the need for problematic and costly heat treatments. Specifically, scandium additions can increase yield strength on a 5000 Series to between 300Mpa and 450Mpa, depending on the amount of addition, while maintaining elongation (ductility) figures of 12-15.
What is aluminum scandium used in?
As mentioned earlier, aluminium scandium alloys can be used in the form of sheet and plate for aerospace applications. Other applications for aluminium scandium alloys include blades for wind-mills and sporting goods like bicycle frames, baseball bats and golfclubs.
What type of material is scandium?
Scandium is a transition metal and is also considered a rare earth element due to similar chemical properties (such as difficulty in extracting and in separating from other elements) and existence in the same ores, according to Chemicool.
What are uses for scandium?
Scandium is used in aluminum-scandium alloys for aerospace industry components and for sports equipment such as bicycle frames, fishing rods, golf iron shafts and baseball bats. Scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps, which are used to replicate sunlight in studios for the film and television industry.
Why is scandium so expensive?
Owing to its scarcity and limited production, scandium is one of the most expensive of all the natural elements. During the rare earth shortage of 2010, the price for scandium metal soared from a few thousand US dollars to over US$ 15,000 per kilogram.
Is scandium stronger than aluminum?
Scandium alloys are about 10% stronger than other aluminum alloys used for bike frames, which is a significant improvement. Scandium frames are often ultra-light high end frames, so the resulting frame may be less strong than typical aluminum frames.
Why is scandium added to aluminum?
Scandium strengthens aluminium in three different ways: grain refining, precipitation hardening, and inhibiting recrystallization, or grain growth. Scandium increases the recrystallization temperature of aluminium alloys to above 600°C, well above the temperature range of heat treatable aluminium alloys.
What is scandium bike frame?
So-called “scandium” frames are aluminum alloy frames. The aluminum alloy used in their tubing has about 2% of scandium added to it to increase strength slightly. This allows a frame tube to be made slightly thinner, therefore weigh slightly less than a tube made from an aluminum alloy not containing scandium.
What is an interesting fact about scandium?
Scandium has a higher melting point than aluminum while having nearly the same density. Scandium is considered a rare-earth element because it is often found in rare-earth ores. It also shares many of the same chemical properties of other rare-earths. Scandium is the 35th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
What period is scandium in?
Period 4 Group 3 Melting point Period 4 Boiling point Block d Density (g cm − 3 ) Atomic number 21 Relative atomic mass State at 20°C Solid Key isotopes.
What is yttrium used for?
Yttrium is often used as an additive in alloys. It increases the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys. It is also used in the making of microwave filters for radar and has been used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation. Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) is used in lasers that can cut through metals.
Is scandium a solid liquid or gas?
Scandium Phase at STP solid Melting point 1814 K (1541 °C, 2806 °F) Boiling point 3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 2.985 g/cm 3.
What are scandium chemical properties?
scandium (Sc), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table.scandium. atomic number 21 melting point 1,541 °C (2,806 °F) boiling point 2,836 °C (5,137 °F) specific gravity 2.989 (24 °C, or 75 °F) oxidation state +3.
How does scandium affect the environment?
Scandium will gradually accumulate in soils and water soils and this will eventually lead to increasing concentrations in humans, animals and soil particles. With water animals scandium causes damage to cell membranes, which has several negative influences on reproduction and on the functions of the nervous system.
How does scandium react with water?
Reaction of scandium with water When finely divided, or heated, scandium metal dissolves in water to form solutions containing the aquated Sc(III) ion together with hydrogen gas, H2.
What is the price of scandium?
Scandium is a soft, light metal that might have applications in the aerospace industry. With a cost of $270 per gram ($122,500 per pound), scandium is too expensive for widespread use.
What is the current price of scandium?
Scandium Price Charts PRICE CHANGE 3921.12$US / Kg -257.2(-6.16%).
What is the price of rubidium?
The market price of 99.75% rubidium carbonate, the most widely used rubidium chemical, was around US$ 57 for 10 grams in 2019 (i.e. US$ 5,700 per kilogram).Rubidium. Product Price (USD) Price Ratio to Lithium Carbonate Rubidium (Rb≥99.5%) $125.60/g ($125,600/kg) Rubidium Carbonate (Rb2CO3≥99%) $1,059.65/kg 75.9.
Which is lighter scandium or aluminum?
Scandium are generally lighter than aluminum.
Is scandium alloy stronger than steel?
That’s because steel is more durable than scandium. It’s a stronger frame, with thicker tubing, at the sacrifice of weight.
Is scandium used in bikes?
A lot of 6061 grade aluminums use scandium too. In fact, the bicycle industry is one of the biggest scandium markets, still.
What is the flammability of Scandium?
Specific Hazards Arising from the Material: Flammable in the form of dust when exposed to heat, sparks or flame. May react with water under fire conditions to liberate flammable hydrogen gas. May emit fumes of scandium oxide under fire conditions.
What is the Colour of Aluminium metal?
Aluminium metal has an appearance ranging from silvery white to dull gray, depending on the surface roughness.
Is scandium lighter than titanium?
Scandium can be stiffer and lighter than titanium, but not as strong or durable. This is assuming the tube design is about equal.
How many isotopes does scandium have?
Scandium has 13 types of isotopes but the naturally occurring Scandium has one stable isotope. Cesium (Cs) has the maximum number of isotopes.
How many protons does scandium have?
Scandium is the first element in the third column of the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal or rare earth metal. Scandium atoms have 21 electrons and 21 protons with 2 valence electrons in the outmost shell.
What type of element is hafnium?
hafnium (Hf), chemical element (atomic number 72), metal of Group 4 (IVb) of the periodic table. It is a ductile metal with a brilliant silvery lustre.
What is the name of the 4th halogen?
The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
Is scandium an anion or cation?
List of Ions in the CCCBDB Species Name charge Sc + Scandium cation 1 Ga – Gallium atom anion -1 Ga + Gallium atom cation 1 BH – boron monohydride anion -1.
