Table of Contents
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
What is meant by flocculation?
Flocculation is a process whereby small particles in suspension are caused to aggregate, giving large clusters (flocs) that are much more easily separated than the original particles. The process is in widespread use in many industrial applications.
What is coagulation process?
Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap (or bridge) particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter.
Is alum a coagulant?
Alum is one of the most widely used coagulants in the water treatment industry (Benschoten and Edzwald 1990). For water and wastewater treatment, the coagulants used more frequently are the inorganic salts of aluminum.
What foods use coagulation?
Coagulation is used in food preparation most commonly for cooking eggs, some examples include; raw eggs being cooked eg boiled or scrambled as part of a dish, making a quiche with coagulated eggs, meringue (denaturation for beating the eggs, coagulation for cooking the egg product), pretty much any egg product being Mar 14, 2014
Which coagulant is used for sewage treatment?
Alum is used in water treatment whereas Ferric Chloride is used in sewage treatment.
What are the three phases of coagulation?
Thrombin formation plays a pivotal role in the development of adequate coagulation. Thrombin formation occurs in the three phases: initiation, priming, and propagation.
Which one is a good coagulant?
Aluminum and iron salts are the most commonly used inorganic coagulants in the wastewater treatment settings. These include based aluminum metals (aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate) and iron based metals (ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride) [13, 17, 18].
What does coagulation mean?
Coagulation, in physiology, the process by which a blood clot is formed. The formation of a clot is often referred to as secondary hemostasis, because it forms the second stage in the process of arresting the loss of blood from a ruptured vessel.
What causes coagulation?
Blood vessels shrink so that less blood will leak out. Tiny cells in the blood called platelets stick together around the wound to patch the leak. Blood proteins and platelets come together and form what is known as a fibrin clot. The clot acts like a mesh to stop the bleeding.
What is meant by coagulation of water?
In coagulation, we add a chemical such as alum which produces positive charges to neutralize the negative charges on the particles. The coagulation process involves the addition of the chemical (e.g. alum) and then a rapid mixing to dissolve the chemical and distribute it evenly throughout the water.
How does a coagulant work?
Coagulants work by creating a chemical reaction, eliminating negative charges that cause particles to repel each other. The action of these bubbles forces clots or flocs of particles to the water surface where they can be skimmed off. Dissolved air flotation is an alternative to sedimentation.
What is meant by coagulation in environmental engineering?
Coagulation is a process of combining particles, colloids, and dissolved organic material into larger aggregates (Amirtharajah and O’Melia, 1990). These aggregates are then removed from the water usually by clarification and filtration processes in most conventional WTWs.
What two chemicals are commonly used as water coagulants?
Aluminum sulfate (alum) is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
Is FeCl3 a coagulant?
Ferric chloride (FeCl3) is the most common iron salt used to achieve coagulation. Its reactions in the coagulation process are similar to those of alum, but its relative solubility and pH range differ significantly from those of alum. Both alum and ferric chloride can be used to generate inorganic polymeric coagulants.
What is difference between flocculation and coagulation?
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation / coalescence. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
What is coagulation used for?
Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation depends upon these factors.
Does flocculant affect pH?
Because flocculants can affect the pH level, you’ll want to start out with it at about 7.0 so you can make sure your sanitizer keeps working at maximum efficiency.
What is an example of coagulation?
When it is heated the runny yolk and white (albumen – which is the major source of protein) turn solid. The proteins in the egg start to thicken, a process known as coagulation. Coagulation is irreversible, the proteins cannot be turned back into their liquid form. Another example is heating milk.
Can you add too much flocculant?
Adding too much flocculant can cause its own issues. Flocculant is aluminum sulfate, which is designed to clump with the particles you’re trying to remove. But if you add too much, the flocculant will start to agglomerate with itself instead of those particles.
Which is not example of coagulation?
Rubber plating and chrome tanning.
What is flocculant for?
Used in a wide range of industries and applications, flocculants help to remove suspended solids from wastewater by aggregating contaminants into flakes or “flocs” that float to the surface of the water or settle at the bottom. They can also be used for lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dehydration.
Is Salt a flocculant?
5.1. Inorganic salts of multivalent metals are effective flocculants. The multivalent metal cations in these salts neutralize the cell surface charge and bridge cells together to facilitate flocculation [15, 66].
Why alum is used as coagulant?
When alum is added to water, it reacts with the water and results in positively charged ions. Coagulation removes colloids and suspended solids from the water. These particles have a negative charge, so the positively charged coagulant chemicals neutralize them during coagulation.
What does coagulation remove?
Coagulation can successfully remove a large amount of organic compounds, including some. dissolved organic material, which is referred to as Natural Organic Matter (NOM) or Dissolved. Organic Carbon (DOC). Coagulation can also remove suspended particles, including inorganic. precipitates, such as iron.
