Table of Contents
Parenteral suspensions are dispersed, heterogeneous systems containing insoluble drug particles which, when are to be resuspended in either aqueous or vegetable oil vehicles before administering to a patient2,3. To obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable suspension it should fulfill the below mentioned characteristics.
What is parenteral product?
Introduction. In practice, parenteral products are often regarded as dosage forms that are implanted, injected or infused directly into vessels, tissues, tissue spaces or body compartments. Parenteral products are often used for drugs that cannot be given orally. Ensure delivery of the drug to the target tissues.
What is injectable suspension?
Injectable suspensions are heterogonous system, containing solid dispersed phase. They are limited to either subcutaneous or intramuscular routes of administration. Intravenous administration may result in vasoocclusion. [2] Here, for parenteral routes, acetate salt of methyl prednisolone is used.
What are the 3 types of injections?
The three main types of injections include: Subcutaneous (into the fat layer between the skin and muscle) Intramuscular (deep into a muscle) Intravenous (through a vein).
What are the types of parenteral?
The common parenteral routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV). Box 1 outlines the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes.
What is the correct angle of injection?
It is recommended that subcutaneous injections, particularly of insulin, are administered at a 90-degree angle to ensure that the medication is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue (Down and Kirkland, 2012; Hunter, 2008).
What are 3 types of suspension components?
There are three basic types of suspension components: linkages, springs, and shock absorbers. The linkages are the bars and brackets that support the wheels, springs and shock absorbers.
What is used for injection?
An injection (often and usually referred to as a “shot” in US English, a “jab” in UK English, or a “jag” in Scottish English and Scots) is the act of administering a liquid, especially a drug, into a person’s body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.
What does suspension mean in drugs?
| In an elixir, the active ingredients are mixed with a liquid, usually a kind of syrup or alcohol, in which they can dissolve. In a suspension, the medicine is mixed with a liquid, usually water, in which it cannot dissolve and therefore remains intact in the form of small particles.
How do you use suspension drugs?
Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing. For effervescent tablets, dissolve the dose in the recommended amount of water, then drink. Pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the symptoms have worsened, the medication may not work as well.
How are parenteral preparations classified?
Parenteral formulations are classified into small and large based on their volume. Small volume parenteral formulations are 100ml or more and can be given as single or multi dose, whereas large volume parenteral preparations are more than 100ml, intended for single use.
What is suspension route of administration?
A suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble drug particles, generally with a diameter >1 μm, in a liquid (usually aqueous) medium. Suspensions are useful to administer insoluble or poorly soluble drugs or when the presence of a finely divided form of the material in the GI tract is required.
Does the injection have side effects?
you may experience side effects like headaches, acne, hair loss, decreased sex drive and mood swings. any side effects can continue for as long as the injection lasts (8 or 13 weeks) and for some time after.
What are the 5 parenteral routes?
Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes: Subcutaneous (under the skin) Intramuscular (in a muscle) Intravenous (in a vein) Intrathecal (around the spinal cord).
Why are some drugs suspended?
Substances can be chemically unstable, insoluble in water, distasteful etc. Suspensions are often used as a dosage form when the drug is insoluble in water and when use of solubilizing agents is not possible.
What do doctors use for injections?
Most injections consist of a needle and syringe. A doctor may also use a newer device, such as auto and jet injectors.
Why is it called a depot injection?
The first long-acting (depot) injections were antipsychotics fluphenazine and haloperidol. The concept of a depot injection arose before 1950, and originally was used to describe antibiotic injections that lasted longer to allow for less frequent administration.
Why should an intramuscular injection be given at a 90 degree angle?
Overwhelmingly the evidence supports a 90 degree angle of needle insertion for intramuscular injection as being that most effective in terms of patient comfort, safety and efficacy of vaccine.
How do you administer suspension?
Carefully add cool boiled water to about half the height of the final marking on the bottle. Close the cap. Shake the bottle until all the powder is thoroughly mixed. Allow the suspension to stand for about 2-5 minutes to rid the air bubbles in the bottle.
What are the 4 types of injection?
Learn about the 4 types of injection: intradermal, subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular injections, and what they are used for in Singapore. by Elaine Francis, R.N. 1.
What are the types of suspension in pharmacy?
Based on the route of administration, suspensions can be classified as oral, topical, ophthalmic, otic, or nasal suspensions. Each of these present unique challenges and requirements in terms of desired quality attributes.
What injections go in the bum?
Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. Intramuscular injection CPT 96372.
What are the advantages of parenteral products?
Parenteral drug delivery, especially intravenous injection, can gain easy access to the systemic circulation with complete drug absorption and therefore reach the site of drug action Rapidly. cardiac arrest, astharna and shock . destroyed by digestive secretions such as insulin other hormones and antibiotics.
How is sterile water injection made?
Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis. It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml. Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.
Is syrup and suspension same?
The difference between syrup and suspension is that syrup is a solution consisting of sugar that is readily dissolvable in other solvents, while the suspension is a biphasic liquid system containing insoluble solute particles in the liquid medium.
