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The main problem dealt with in this article is preventing the aggregation of particles in a suspension — extensive aggregation can lead to ‘caking’. This is the process in which almost all particles in the sediment become interconnected, making it impossible to resuspend.
What is caking of suspension?
The phenomena of caking and of flocculation in a sulfamerazine suspension system have been reported in the literature. Caking of the sulfamerazine suspension system is seen when the particles settle to a dense sediment before bonds can be established between the closely-packed particles.
How the formation of caking occur in suspension?
Caking of the sulfamerazine suspension system is seen when the particles settle to a dense sediment before bonds can be established between the closely packed particles.
Is suspension stable class 9?
Suspensions are heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Particles of solute do not dissolve in solvent rather they remain suspended in bulk throughout. Therefore, suspension is not stable. The particles of suspension can be separated through the process of filtration.
What are 3 types of suspension?
There are three basic types of suspension components: linkages, springs, and shock absorbers.
What is an ideal suspension?
An ideal suspension must possess the following properties:- 1 It should settle slowly and should be readily re-dispersed on gentle shaking of the container. 2 The particle size of the suspension remains fairly constant throughout its long period of undisturbed standing .
What are the qualities of ideal suspension?
Desirable properties of suspensions are that they should have good organoleptic properties, suspensions should possess good pourability leading to ease of removal of dose from container, the particle size distribution should be uniform, there should be ease of re dispersion of settled solid particles, they should be Dec 8, 2015
What suspension is most stable?
Suspension is more stable. This is because suspension does not mix with each other. The denser particles settle down at the bottom and makes the solution stable.
What are the suspending agents?
A suspending agent is a liquid in which a solid substance can be held in suspension. The drug is held in the suspension by a suspending agent, and does not settle at the bottom. If the tablet is dissolved in a suspending agent, this will help suspend any insoluble components in the liquid.
What are ingredients used in suspension?
The possible types of excipients commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions include: 1 1. Solvents/ Vehicle. 2 2. Co-solvent. 3 3. Buffering agents. 4 4. Preservatives. 5 5. Antioxidants. 6 6. Wetting agents/ surfactants. 7 7. Anti-foaming agents.
What is suspension in pharmaceutics 2?
A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. In addition, when compared to solution dosage forms, relatively higher concentration of drugs can be incorporated into suspension products.
How do you make a suspension more stable?
There are various routes that can be undertaken to improve suspension stability – for example, stabilization can be achieved by: preventing coagulation through inter-particle repulsion. slowing down sedimentation by increasing the viscosity of the continuous phase.
What are signs of suspension problems?
Suspension Warning Signs Continued bouncing after hitting bumps or a dipping when braking. A drifting or pulling to one side when turning corners. One side of the parked car sitting lower than the other side. Difficult steering. Unusually bumpy rides.
What factors affect suspension?
Factors affecting rheology of a suspension Dispersed phase content. The content of the dispersed phase φ is the most important physical parameter that affects the viscosity of dispersions. Particle shape. Particle size and size distribution. Temperature.
Why are suspending agents used?
They help in lowering the sedimentation rate of particles in suspension. They usually prevent caking at the base of an suspension . It could be resuspendend by agitation. It is majorly used as an excipients to help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in formulation.
What are the advantages of suspension?
The following advantages can be obtained by formulating API as a suspension dosage form. Suspensions are a useful drug delivery system for therapeutic agents that have a low solubility. Pharmaceutical suspensions may be formulated to mask the unpleasant/ bitter taste of drug.
What is the difference between Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension?
Flocculation is the formation of floccules in a suspension. The main difference between flocculated and deflocculated suspension is that the rate of sedimentation in a flocculated suspension is rapid whereas the rate of sedimentation in a deflocculated suspension is slow.
What are the 4 types of suspension?
To avoid various damage to the car, you can do spooring regularly. Multi-Link Suspension. Rigid Axle Suspension. Macpherson Suspension. Double Wishbone Suspension. Independent Suspension. Rigid suspension – Leaf Spring. Trailing Arm Suspension. Air Suspension.
What are the two types of suspension?
There are two general classifications of suspension systems known to date; dependent and independent.
What is diffusible suspension?
Suspension containing diffusible substances • They contain easily dispersible solids • They are light and easily wettable substances • Readily mixed with water and on shaking diffuse evenly throughout the liquid long enough to ensure even distribution and a dose to be measured 9.
Is Clay a suspending agent?
4 Clays. Bentonite is an absorbent natural smectite clay. It has a colloidal structure in water. Bentonite is used as a suspending and rheological agent.
How do you make flocculated suspension?
Electrolyte and ionic surfactant can be used as flocculating agents to produce a flocculated suspension. suspension prepared without flocculating agent is a deflocculated one. The physical stability of the suspension is assist by determining the sedimentation volume or degree of flocculation.
What is the size of suspended drug having the range of?
Pharmaceutical suspension may be defined as coarse dispersions in which insoluble solids are suspended in a liquid medium. Insoluble solids may have a size range from 10 to 1000 µm. It is important to understand that suspensions are kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable, system.
How can you prevent suspension from sedimentation?
Slow down sedimentation by increasing viscosity of continuous phase. Velocity increases with the square of particle size making this the most critical parameter. For concentrated systems a crowding factor must be introduced which incorporates the phase volume Φ.
How do I know if my suspension is stable?
Suspension stability can be theoretically estimated prior to the beginning of the formulating process based on the solid phase particle size, liquid phase density, and viscosity. Stokes equation can be used to predict suspension stability in order to save time and resources.
